Congenital Anomalies of Arteries and Veins 35 



The obturator may spring from the external iliac, Jastschenski 

 2 per cent., or from the femoral, Quain, Hughes (1892), Jast- 

 schenski, Levi. It may have two roots, one from the hypogastric 

 and the other from the epigastric, Monro (1803), Miinz (1821), 

 Hesselbach (1819), Quain (1844), Tiedemann (1846), Broca 

 (1849), Jastschenski, Lachi (1885), Delitzin (1896), Levi. A 

 condition in which there is no connection between the intra and 

 extra pelvic portions of the artery is reported by Green (1830), 

 Hughes (1892), Duclaux (1902), Sussloff (1903). 



A. Glutaa Superior 



The gluteal is the primary trunk from the hypogastric, develop- 

 ing slightly earlier than the pudendal. Cruveilhier and Theila 

 thought it represented the continuation of the hypogastric. It is 

 very constant in its course and distribution. It arises as an iso- 

 lated trunk, Jastschenski 66 per cent., Lipschutz (1918) 57 per 

 cent. Levi found that it passed behind the lumbosacral nerve in 

 10 per cent. 



A. Glutcsa Inferior 



This is the first trunk developed from the umbilical and the 

 primary limb artery ; when the connection is broken at the knee it 

 falls behind in development and becomes a minor artery. It may 

 run above the pyraformis muscle, Dubrueil (1847), Barkow 

 (1851), Pye-Smith (1871). These cases probably represent a 

 dropping out of the primary trunk and a secondary anastomosis 

 with the superior gluteal. It may form a common trunk with the 

 gluteal, Jastschenski 24 per cent., Lipschutz (1918) 43 per cent., or 

 with the pudendal the former 49 per cent., the latter 43 per cent. 

 Parsons (1897) reports the artery double and Streets has seen a 

 connection with the obturator. 



A. Vesicalis 



Poirier thinks that it arises in common with the prostatic, vesico- 

 defferential, or middle hasmorrhoidal ; Levi finds it as a separate 

 trunk in 43 per cent., its place more frequently being supplied by 

 other arteries; this agrees with others, Friedlowsky (1862), Gueil- 

 lot (1883), Mougreide (1893), Parsons (1896). 



