Congenital Anomalies of Arteries and Veins 37 



7x886), Saltzmann (1872), Wassiliew (1885), Pye-Smith (1871), 

 Walsham (1880). Thomson (1884), Zuckerkandl (1900). 



A. ILIACA EXTERNA 



The external ihac develops as the second branch of the umbilical, 

 it varies in length. Henle thinks there is an inverse relation be- 

 tween its length and that of the common iliac, while Sappey thinks 

 there is a relation between its length and the height of the bifurca- 

 tion of the aorta. Levi (1902) finds that with the division of the 

 aorta between the fourth and fifth vertebrae the length is lo-ii 

 cm., while if the division is between the third and fourth the length 

 is 9-10 cm. My figures agree with those of Levi. In cases where 

 the ischiadic persists as the main artery of the limb it is poorly 

 developed, Green (1830). 



A. Epigastrica Inferior 



This artery was not understood till Mall (1898) worked out its 

 development, but it has received much attention in literature on 

 account of its relation to hernia. The artery shows a variation in 

 its origin in relation to the inguinal ligament of 2-4 cm., Levi 

 (1902). Long ago, Beckers (1813), it was shown that when it 

 originated well under the inguinal ligament it passed medial to the 

 hernial ring ; others observing a medial course of the artery are 

 Miinz (1821), Monro (1842), Truestedt (1816), Verpillat (1834), 

 Ouain (1844), Tiedemann (1846), Honel (1848), Michaux 

 (1848), Serofini (1903). I have recorded the condition 12 times 

 in my series. 



It has been observed originating from the obturator ; Jastschenski 

 (1891) thinks that a free anastomosis between its retro-pubic 

 branch and that of the obturator is the means by which the latter 

 becomes a branch of the former; 1. c, Walsham (1880) calls atten- 

 tion to the epigastric originating from the obturator, which is not 

 very rare, or the profunda, Monro (1813), Munn (1858), Baucat 

 (1883). It may be double, Honel (1848), Spence (1855). 



A. Circumflex Iliciun Profunda 

 This artery may be lacking, Schwegel (1859). There is some 

 disagreement as to the number of its branches. Stieda (1892) 



