Congenital Anomalies of Arteries and Veins 39 



The circumflex media may be lacking and its defect supplied by 

 the obturator, Pye-Smith. It may arise from the external iliac, 

 Lipschutz 2 per cent. ; from the inferior epigastric. Fischer (1827) ; 

 or may be the source of the epigastric, Reid (1836). 



Artcria Saphena Magna. — This artery is common to lower mam- 

 mals. DeVriese saw a branch from the 10 mm. human embryo 

 which she interpreted as this artery. When the artery persists it 

 extends a variable distance between the knee and the medial side 

 of the ankle. I have been able to collect the following cases : 

 Zagorsky (1809), Broca (1849), Ruge (1863), Hyrtl (1864), 

 Papowsky (1892), Ruge (1894), Salvi (1899), Papowsky (1904), 

 Manno (1905). 



The femoral variations are largely covered by arrest of develop- 

 ment just given and a condition of double artery which is difficult 

 to explain. The condition has been observed by Bell (1826), 

 Houston (1827). Green (1832), Quain (1844), Tiedemann 

 (1846), Dubrueil (1847). Ducachet (1863), Barkow (1868), 

 Chretien (1880), Craig (1880), Griffith (1881), Kelly (1882), 

 Bianchi (1889), Musgrove (1891), Willet, Ref., Musgrove. 



Femoral Branches. — The point of division in relation to the 

 inguinal ligament is variable. Quain found the mean distance 3.8 

 cm., and Adachi (1897) about the same. Mercier (1836), Zaaijer 

 (1865), and Schrutz (1894) report a division immediately below 

 the ligament. Lipschutz (191 5) and Young (1878) find a total 

 absence of the profunda, its branches coming directly from the 

 superficial trunk. 



The profunda femoral is sometimes given oflf laterally and some- 

 times medially. Srb (i860) thought its position depended on 

 whether it furnished the medial circumflex or not ; the lateral cir- 

 cumflex seems to draw the vessel laterally. The profunda may 

 pass medially superficial to the vein, then continue in a normal 

 way; such cases are reported by Mercier (1836). Cruveilhier 

 (1843), Friedlowsky (1867), Zaaijer (1893). Adachi (1898). 

 Lenrmant (1904), Johnston (1912). The latter ofi^ers as an ex- 

 planation the presence of an early anastomosis superficial to the 

 vein which he has found present in the dog and goat. 



The branches of the profunda show a wide variation in their 



