Congenital Anomalies of Arteries and Veins 41 



The dorsalis pedis may be subcutaneous in its course, Grnber 

 (1864), Poynter; or fail to unite with the plantar arteries, l^roca 

 (1849), Malgaigne (1842), Gruber (1864). It may be the con- 

 tinuation of the peroneus in those cases in which the anterior tibial 

 is weak; this represents an early embryonal stage, Nelaton (1834), 

 Salvi (1898), Bussiere (1904), Manno (1905), Trecomi (1906), 

 Corsy (1913), Vilkena (1913). For a discussion of the tarsal 

 arteries see Hyrtl (1864). 



A. Tibialis Posterior 



It may be replaced by the peronea or saphena artery, for these 

 are united by an anastomosis in an early stage of development. Its 

 absence was noted by Quain (1844), Dubrueil (1847), Bradley 

 (1868). Irregular plantar distribution was reported by Tiede- 

 mann (1822), Cruveilhier (1837), Hyrtl (1864), Pye-Smith 

 (1871), Chevrier (1904). 



A. Peronea 



Stieda (1893) expresses the opinion that the peronea is the axial 

 artery of the leg. In 1894 Zuckerkandl agrees with this idea, but 

 the next year, after an embryonal study, he concludes that the 

 peroneal, which is separated from interrosseus membrane by the 

 tibialis posterior muscle, can not be a derivative of the artery which 

 lies in front of that muscle. Senior (1919 and 1921) finds that the 

 ramus communicantis inferior from the peronea posterior superior 

 joins the axial at the 18 mm. stage and the axial, interosseus of 

 Zuckerkandl, proximal to it, drops out, so that the adult peronea 

 is in part made up of the axial. DeVriese describes no such step 

 in development and repeats the statement of Stieda. Allowing, 

 then, for the development in the way that Senior has described, we 

 may still look for an axial vessel for the lower limb. 



Quain found the vessel strongly developed in 31 : 209 cadavers. 

 Its absence was noted by Otto (1826), Lauth (1833), Barkow 

 (1850), Carver (1869). The axial portion seems to have been 

 lacking in the case of Hyrtl and the superficial proximal portion 

 persisted in cases by Cruveilhier (1837), Lauth (1833), and 

 Meckel (1816). 



