44 C. W. M. Poynfer 



Turner (1874), Topley (1882), Shattock (1883), Chafifey (1884), Eppinger 

 (1890), Zander (1892), Galubew (1895), Tichomeroff (1895-98), Brin 

 (1896), Fawcett (1897), Daser (1901), Kowalewski (1904), Hermann 

 (1906), Fitzgerald (1909), Rochwalier (1909), O'Donoghue (1910-13), 

 Hochstetter (1911), Melissionos (1911), Schiitz (1913), LeBlanc (1915), 

 LeCount (1915). 



VEINS OF THE HEAD AND NECK 



VV. ANONYMy'E 



Qnain (1844) reported an extension well up into the neck on 

 the left, and Cooper (1832) and Gruber (1862) found that it 

 passed through the thymus in about 2 per cent. It is not unusual 

 for these veins to receive the cervical or accessory cervical veins 

 directly. I have encountered, several times, a plexus so compli- 

 cated that it was impossible to fit it into the usual pattern. It is 

 not unusual for the bronchial veins to be tributaries. They may 

 pass behind the aorta, Daser (1902). 



VV. JUGULARES 



I have found the arrangement of the external and anterior jugu- 

 lar veins so variable that I am unable to recognize any special 

 arrangement as anomalous. 



The internal jugular may be very small and its function taken 

 over by the more superficial veins. It is occasionally double and 

 may rarely be situated behind the carotid artery. It shows a great 

 variety of tributary connections. Lauth (1815), Cerutti (1819), 

 Otto (1830), Quain (1844), Demarquay (1844), Notta (1847), 

 Luschka (1862), Gruber (1867), Chaquet (1876), Williams 

 (1886), Pinkham (1888), Lunay (1896). 



CEREBRAL SINUSES 



Authors do not agree on the development of the sinuses and 

 furnish little assistance in recognizing anomalies. Occasionally 

 one of the sinuses is lacking and a few cases of double sinus have 

 been reported. A wide variety of connections have been encoun- 

 tered, but I have been unable to comprehend any order or basis of 

 classification. The following irregularities have been encoun- 



