48 C. W. M. Poynter 



right drops out without transposition of viscera, Hochstetter 

 (1893), Grimsdale (1894), Waring (1894), Paterson (1900), 

 Gladstone (1905), Kolisko (1909), Frankel (1910). 

 Dwight (1901) classifies the anomalies in six groups: 



I. Persistence of both cardinals. 



II. Persistence of the right cardinal, normal union of the iliacs. 



III. Persistence of the right cardinal, high union of the iliacs. 



IV. Persistence of the left cardinal, iliacs normal. 



V. Persistence of lower portion of the left cardinal, iliacs nor- 

 mal. 

 VI. Persistence of the left cardinal, high union of iliacs. 



Since many of the descriptions are lacking in detail, I have not 

 attempted to give the references in a classified order. 



Wilde (1740), Pohl (1773), Horner (1817), Gurlet (1819), Lobstein 

 (1820), Zagorsky (1822). Herholdt (1828), Bujalsky (1829), Ehbets 

 (1838), Hyrtl (1839), McWhinnie (1840), Paulus (1842), Moser (1848), 

 Leudet (1852), Dorsch (1858), Bastein (1859), Klob (1859), LaGendre 



riRcn^ Martin (ffKofW 7QQi;pr C TS/Vv_'7->^ r^rnK^^f <" t ft'7->_«r\_8o ^ T71oeoVi 



Lharles (1589), h^ppinger (1890), Kobmson (i8gi), Kollmann (1893), 

 Foriep (1894), Grimsdale (1894), Hart-Smith (1894), Pangratz (1894), 

 Waring (1894), Parsons (1895), Ziimstein (1895), Erin (1897), Cavasse 

 (1897), Farmer (1897), Gosset (1898), Tichomeroff (1898), Berens 

 (1898), Aime (1900), Kaestner (1900), Paterson (1900), Dwight (1901), 



T.anbpr finOT'l Mara1i<;tpr ('innT'^ Tacrnrlii ^toot'^ RpvpII (iriCY7'\ Anrpl 



VV. SPERMATICA ET RENALES 



As pointed out above, these veins often show irregularities when 

 the left inferior vena cava persists. I have seen one case in which 

 the spermatic consisted of a number of intercommunicating trunks, 

 some of which opened into the common iliac, Soemmering (1800). 

 Communication with the vena cava and accessory renal is not un- 



