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Tertiary Tipulidae, with Special Reference to those of Florissant, 
Colorado. 
By Samuel H. Scudder. 
Plates I-9. 
I. Introduction. IV. Tabular View of Tertiary Tipuli 
II. Historical Account of the Euro- dz, Systematically Arranged. 
pean Tertiary Tipulidze, with V. Note on Pretertiary Tipulidz. 
Comments. VI. Family Tipulidee. 
III. Alphabetical List of European VII. The Subfamily Limnobinz. 
Tertiary Tipulide, with their | VIII. The Subfamily Tipulinz. 
Probable Systematic Position. 
I. INTRODUCTION. 
The occasion of the present memoir is the wish to bring to pub- 
lic attention a portion of the remarkably preserved remains ot 
insects at Florissant, Colorado, in a lake deposit adjudged to 
be of oligocene age. The locality is already famous for the extra- 
ordinary abundance and variety, as well as the excellent condition, 
of the insect remains therein entombed, and perhaps no group of 
insects shows this more strikingly than the family of ‘‘ Crane-flies ’’ 
or ‘* Daddy Long-Legs.”’ 
Several hundred specimens have been collected there, and in a 
very considerable number of them, representing many species, as 
the accompanying plates * will testify, not only is the venation 
of the wings completely represented, with all their most delicate 
markings, but also the slender and fragile legs with their clothing 
of hairs and spurs, and to some degree, at least, the antenne and 
palpi. Even the facets of the compound eye are often preserved as 
in life. Previous illustrations of fossil Tipulidz have rarely repre- 
sented more than the wings, and even these generally in a very 
insufficient manner; so that merely as illustrations of fossil remains, 
the present plates far surpass all that have gone before, and render 
the study of fossil Tipulidze very different from our former meagre 
opportunities. If satisfactory illustrations could only be published 
* By the cheerful permission of the Director of the U. 8. Geologic 11 Survey, I have had 
placed at my disposal for the illustration of this memoir the drawings of these insects 
made under my direction, and belonging to the Survey. 
