221 
although it appears very improbable. I accordingly leave it until 
more perfect material shall.enable some one to correct or verify it 
and fill out the remainder of the neuration. It is, therefore, placed 
at the end of the series, as it is quite impossible to tell in what tribe 
it should fall. 
Pronophlebia rediviva. 
Pronophlebia rediviva Scudd., Bull, U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., iii, 750- 
751 (1877); Zert. Ins. N. A., 574; pl. 5, fig. 39 (1891). 
White River, near the boundary of Colorado and Utah. 
VIII. THe Supramity TIPuULINe. 
The fossil representatives of this subfamily are, relatively to the 
Limnobine, just about as numerous in the European deposits as in 
the present fauna of Europe or of America, being in each case 
about half as numerous as they ; but in the American rocks, and 
still more in the European rock deposits (2. ¢., exclusive of amber), 
they hold a much more important place. In tertiary Europe nine 
species of Tipula, one of Ctenophora, and two of Tipulidea (an 
extinct genus) have been described, and the presence of about 
fifteen other species of Tipula indicated, besides a Nephrotoma ; 
while in North America, seventeen species of Tipula (including 
those in the present essay) have been described, and four species of 
Tipulidea, an extinct genus, besides single species of three other 
extinct genera. The tertiary fauna appears therefore to be some- 
what more diversified in this subfamily in America than in Europe. 
I have used here the terms employed by Osten Sacken for 
the neuration of the wings, but the neuration of these fossils seems 
to render it probable that what he calls (MZonogr. Dipt. VV. A., iv, 
290) the anterior branch of the apical fork of the second longitu- 
dinal vein is really the termination of the first vein itself, which is 
connected by across vein to the second, where it approaches it. 
This last would then be a ‘‘ marginal’’ cross vein, and the fact 
that no other marginal cross vein ever exists in the Tipulinz lends 
greater probability to this view, which would bring the structure 
into better accordance with that of many Limnobine. 
The American genera of fossil Tipulinze may be separated 
by the following table : 
