285 
reproduce (Fig. 9). Graber also goes on to remark: ‘‘In gen- 
eral, however, they appear to be completely homotypic (homotop) 
with the thoracic jointed appendages, and in this respect there could 
be no reason to call in question their homology with the abdom- 
inal appendages of other insects, viz., the Coleoptera and Orthop- 
tera.’’ Finally he concludes that in Bombyx mori ‘ the stage of 
pantopody has only a very ephemeral duration.”’ 
In Pieris there are the same relations as in Bombyx, ‘‘ though 
the persisting pantopody is more latent.’’ However, he did not 
perceive any clear traces of the deciduous abdominal legs in Pieris, 
nor after a reéxamination of his preparations of the primitive streak 
of Gastropacha did he discover them in that form. 
(Fig. 9. Primitive band of Bombyx mort, showing the temporary 
legs on abdominal segments 2-11. After Tichemiroff. 4. Early 
stage, in which the abdominal legs a/*-a/" appear. . Later stage 
when they are very faint and all except a/*-a/° and a/” are about 
to disappear. C. The persistent abdominal legs a/*-a/* and al”, 
st®, s¢®, the 2d and 3d pair of stigmata. ) 
As regards the appearance of these structures in the Hymenop- 
tera, Graber states that Buetschli, as is well known, makes the state- 
ment that in the primitive streak of the honey bee at a certain 
stage rudimentary appendages resembling tubercles arise on all the 
abdominal segments ; though Grassi could not confirm this obser- 
vation.* Very recently, moreover, Carriére reports that in the 
wall beet at least on the first two segments, after the appearance 
of the thoracic legs, ‘‘small tubercles’? become visible, which 
however are ‘‘only of short duration.’’ In Hylotoma Graber 
found no traces of these deciduous structures. 
From the foregoing facts it would seem reasonable to infer that 
the figures of Kowalevsky are in the main correct and that the 
statements and figures of Tichomiroff have been substantiated by 
Graber. Hence we would feel warranted in concluding that these 
structures appear in the embryos of certain Lepidoptera and Hy- 
menoptera, though much less distinct and more evanescent than in 
the lower orders of insects. ; 
If it should be eventually discovered that the deciduous append- 
* Balfour, in his Comparative Embryology, accepts Buetschli’s statements without 
questioning them (i, 338). See also Buetschli’s own statement on p. 537 of his essay : 
* And after close observation of the following abdominal segments we perceived a very 
faint similar outgrowth on all of them,”’ ete. 
t+ Chaliccedoma muraria. 
