397 
which Haeckel’s physiologic terms are placed side by side with 
those proposed for the morphic phenomena. In following out the 
same ideas the following table has been constructed, which differs 
from theirs in the use of nepionic, as stated above, and also in the 
use of phylanaplasis, phylometaplasis and phyloparaplasis as corre- 
spondents of the similar ontogenetic terms : 
SuMMARY, TABLE II. 
ONTOGENY. PHYLOGENY. 
Se — = it SS acc Ta] ay 
( Embryonic. Phylembryonic. ) 
Anaplasis ~ Nepionic. Phylanaplasis , Phylonepionie. apna 
Neanic. Phyloneanic. 
Metaplasis { Ephebic. Phylometaplasis { Phylephebie. \ Acme. 
Paraplasis { Gerontie. Phyloparaplasis { Phylogerontic. \ Paracme. 
Buckman and Bather gave the following appropriate example from 
Beecher’s and my own researches : 
‘¢ Thus we would say that the Productide attained their paracme 
in the Permian, when they were represented by the phylogerontic 
Strophalosia and Aulosteges; that the characters of the neanic and 
ephebic stages of Coroniceras trigonatum are phylocatabatic’’ (here 
phylanagerontic). While granting the need of using this distinc- 
tive prefix for the periods of evolution in the phylum one is likely 
to become confused unless he fully understands the use of the word 
‘* phylum ’’ as applicable to all grades of genetic series. Thus, in 
ordinary acceptation of the term, a phylum may be the entire class 
or any subdivision of it, even a single genus, provided the forms 
can be shown to be genetically connected. It has been employed 
in this way several times in this text after the names, species, genus, 
family, etc., the ammonoidal phylum or ordinal phylum, phylum of 
the Goniatitinze or subordinal phylum, family phylum, and even a 
phylum of varieties and individuals. 
THE CYCLE. 
Phylum expresses genetic connection, cycle the totality of the 
phenomena, whether morphic or physiologic, which are exhibited by 
ontogeny or phylogeny. ‘Thus, one can describe the cycle of the 
phylum in its rise and decline, the epacme, acme and paracme as 
purely dynamical phenomena exhibited by the increase in numbers 
of forms, etc., or the cycle of the ontogeny as shown by the in- 
