Revisions of Some Plant Phyla 1 1 



Family 21. Gigartinaceae. Plants parenchymatous, erect or 

 spreading, branching, cylindrical, flattened, or leaf-like; tetra- 

 spores cruciate. Chondrus, Iridaea, Gigartina, Callophyllis, Cal- 

 lymenia. (Pf. I, 2, 352.) 



Family 22. Rhodophyllidaceae. Plants parenchymatous, erect 

 or spreading, branching, flattened, or less commonly leaf-like ; 

 tetraspores zonate. Rhodophyllis, Rhabdonia. (Pf. I, 2, 366.) 



Order Rhodymeniales. Higher Red Seaweeds. Filiform to 

 foliacious and massive plants ; the fertilized oogone conjugates 

 with its nearby auxiliary cell ; the latter then gives rise to the 

 sporophores which grow outward in the plant body. 



Family 23. Sphaerococcaceae. Plants not foliaceous, much 

 branched, often robust and of dense texture. Gracilaria, Hypnea. 

 (Pf. I, 2, 382.) 



Family 24. Rhodymeniaceae. Plants from filiform to cylin- 

 drical-branched, flattened, and foliaceous. Rhodymenia, Cham- 

 pia, Plocamium. (Pf. I, 2, 396.) 



Phylum VII. CARPOMYCETEAE. The Higher Fungi. 



Plants terrestrial or aerial, filamentous, sometimes compacted 

 into a definite plant body, always destitute of chlorophyll, and so 

 parasitic or saprophytic ; propagation by the separation of special 

 cells (conidia), and the production of thick walled cells (chlamy- 

 dospores) in the plant body; generation (where known) by the 

 union of the protoplasm of an antherid with the protoplasm (egg) 

 of an oogone, and the production of a fruit-body (spore-fruit, or 

 sporocarp) consisting of sporogenous and sterile tissues. 



Terrestrial or epiphytic plants for the most part, a few being 

 aquatic, or epizoic. (About 64,000 species.) 



Several years ago Dr. Ernst A. Bessey, then in the service of the United 

 States Department of Agriculture in Miami, Florida, now Professor of 

 Botany in the Michigan Agricultural College, in discussing the origin of 

 the Higher Fungi made the suggestion that the earliest forms were prob- 

 ably of the " lichen " kinds, and that the phylum had reached its present 

 development through them. In other words instead of considering the 

 "lichens" as derived from the fungi by the adoption of a peculiar kind of 

 parasitism, we are to look upon the ordinary fungi as derived from, that 

 is, developed from, the " lichens." According to this view the " lichens " 



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