56 Charles E. Bessey 



Family 175. Gentianaceae. Gentians. Mostly herbs with usu- 

 ally opposite undivided leaves; corolla-lobes contorted, valvate, 

 or induplicate; stamens 4 to 5 (or indefinite); ovary usually i- 

 celled; ovules many. Erythraea, Gentiana, Eustoma, Menyan- 

 thes. (Pf. IV, 2, 50.) 



Family 176. Apocynaceae. Dogbanes. Milky-juiced trees, 

 shrubs, and herbs, with opposite, simple leaves ; corolla-lobes con- 

 torted or valvate ; stamens 5, with granular pollen ; ovary 2-celled 

 or the carpels separating; ovules many. Vinca, Apocynum, Ner- 

 ium. (Pf. IV, 2, 109.) 



Family 177. Asclepiadaceae. ]\Iilkweeds. Milk)^-juiced herbs 

 and shrubs, with opposite (or alternate) leaves; corolla-lobes con- 

 torted ; stamens 5, with agglutinated pollen ; ovary of two sepa- 

 rated carpels ; ovules many. Asclepias, Enslenia, Ccropegia, 

 Stapelia, Hoya. (Pf. IV, 2, 189.) 



Order Scrophul.\riales. Corolla mostly zygomorphic (irreg- 

 ular or oblique) ; stamens fewer than the corolla-lobes, usually 4 

 or 2 ; ovules numerous ; fruit mostly capsular. 



Family 178. Scrophulariaceae. Snapdragons. Herbs (or 

 shrubs and small trees) with alternate, opposite, or whorled 

 leaves; ovary 2-celled with an axile placenta; seeds with endo- 

 sperm. Verhasctim, Linaria, Antirrhinum, Maiirandia, Collinsia, 

 Scrophularia, Mimulus, Veronica, Digitalis, Gerardia, Castilleia, 

 Pediciilaris. (Pf. IV, 3b, 39.) 



Family 179. Bignoniaceae. Catalpas. Trees, shrubs (and 

 herbs) with opposite or whorled leaves; ovary i- or 2-celled with 

 parietal or axile placentae ; seeds numerous without endosperm. 

 Bignonia, Catalpa, Tecoma. (Pf. IV, 3b, 189.) 



Family 180. Pedaliaceae. Flerbs with mostly opposite leaves; 

 ovary i-, 2-, or 4-celled with axile placentae; seeds 1 to many, 

 with but little endosperm. Pedaliiim, Sesamnm. (Pf. IV, 3b, 



Family 181. Martyniaceae. Herbs with mostly opposite 

 leaves, and perfect, irregular flowers ; ovary with parietal pla- 

 centae. Martynia. (Pf. IV, 3b, 265.) 



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