Rcz'isions of Some Plant Phyla 69 



Hakea, Banksia. (Pf. Ill, i, 118.) This puzzling family is 

 given place here very doubtfully. 



Order Umbellales. Flowers actinoniorphic (regular), usually 

 perfect; stamens usually definite; pistil syncarpous, i- to many- 

 celled, its ovary inferior; ovules solitary, pendulous; styles free 

 or united at the base ; endosperm copious ; embryo usually minute. 



Family 275. Araliaceae. Aralias. Trees, shrubs (and herbs), 

 mostly tropical, with alternate leaves ; flowers in umbels, heads, 

 or panicles; ovary 2- to 15-celled; fruit a berry with a fleshy or 

 dry exocarp. Hedcra, Aralia, Panax. (Pf. Ill, 8, i.) 



Family 276. Apiaceae. Parsleys. Herbs (shrubs and trees), 

 with alternate leaves ; flowers small, mostly umbellate ; ovary 2- 

 celled ; fruit splitting into two dry indehiscent mericarps. Hydro- 

 cotyle, Sanicula, Eryngium, Coriandrum^ Conium, Apiiim, Cicuta, 

 Carum, Foeniculum, Angelica, Ferula, Heracleum, Daucus. (Sp. 

 2177.) (Pf. Ill, 8,63.) 



Family 277. Cornaceae. Cornels. Shrubs and trees (rarely 

 herbs), with usually opposite leaves; flowers umbellate, capitate, 

 or corymbose ; ovary 2- to 4-celled, fruit drupaceous. Garrya, 

 Nyssa, Cornus, Aucuba. (Pf. Ill, 8, 250.) 



Super-Order Calyciflorae-Gamopetalae. Petals united. 

 Carpels few, united, inferior ; stamens usually as many as the 

 corolla-lobes, mostly attached to the corolla. 



Order Rubiales. Flowers actinomorphic to zygomorphic 

 (regular or irregular); stamens attached to the corolla; calyx 

 small ; ovary 2- to 8-celled ; ovules 2 to many. 



Family 278. Rubiaceae. Madders. Trees, shrubs and herbs, 

 mostly tropical, with opposite or whorled leaves ; flowers usually 

 regular, with valvate, contorted, or imbricate corolla-lobes ; style 

 simple bifid, or multifid; fruit a capsule, berry, or drupe. Hoiis- 

 tonia, Cinchona Bouvardia, Cephalanthus, Randia, Coffea, Mitcli- 

 ella, Galium, Rubia. (Pf. IV, 4, i.) 



Family 279. Caprifoliaceae. Honeysuckles. Flowers usually 

 irregular, with imbricate corolla-lobes ; style usually with a capi- 



105 



