Revisions of Some Plant Phyla 71 



Order Asterales. Composites. Flowers actinomorphic or 

 zygomorphic, collected into involucrate heads ; calyx small, and 

 often forming a " pappus " ; stamens 5, epipetalous, mostly with 

 their anthers connate; carpels 2, united, inferior, with one style 

 which is 2-branched above; ovule one, erect, anatropous. An 

 immense order (commonly regarded as a family) of more than 

 14,300 species, which are usually distributed among fourteen 

 tribes, all of which are here raised to families. In the following 

 arrangement the Helianthaceae are regarded as the lowest, from 

 which the two principal phyletic lines have arisen, culminating 

 on the one hand in the Eupatoriaceae, and on the other in the 

 Lactucaceae. (Pf. IV, 5, 87.) 



Family 287. Helianthaceae. Sunflowers. Calyx not capil- 

 lary ; receptacle chaffy ; usually with ray flowers ; mostly large 

 and coarse plants. Helianthus, Zinnia, Rudbcckia, Silphiiim. 

 (Sp. 1364.) (Pf. IV, 5, 210.) 



Family 288. Ambrosiaceae. Ragweed. Calyx not capillary; 

 receptacle chaffy ; without ray flowers ; mostly large and coarse 

 plants, which are diclinous. Ambrosia, Xanthium. (Sp. 74.) 

 (Pf. IV, 5, 220.) 



Family 289. Heleniaceae. False Sunflowers. Calyx not capil- 

 lary; receptacle usually naked; with or without rays; anthers tail- 

 less; medium sized plants. Helenium, Gaillardia. (Sp. 44a.) 

 (Pf. IV, 5, 251.) 



Family 290. Arctotidaceae. Gazanias. Calyx not capillary ; 

 receptacle naked; anthers tailless. South African plants. Ga.ca- 

 nia, Arctotis. (Sp. 278.) (Pf. IV, 5, 307.) 



Family 291. Calendulaceae. Marigolds. Calyx not capillary; 

 receptacle naked ; anthers tailed. Old world plants, mostly trop- 

 ical. Calendula. (Sp. 125.) (Pf. IV, 5, 303.) 



Family 292. Inulaceae. Everlastings. Calyx from bracteose 

 to capillary ; receptacle usually naked ; anthers tailed ; usually 

 rayless; mostly low plants. Inula, Antennaria, Gnaphalium, 

 Helichrysum. (Sp. 1580.) (Pf. IV, 5, 172.) 



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