54 University of California Publications. [zoology. 



Campanularia urceolata, Clark. 



PI. V. Figs. 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47. 



C. cylindriea, Clark, Trans. Conn. Ac, 1876, III, p. '254. 



C. urceolata, Clark, Proe. Phil. Ac. Sc, 1876, XXVIII, p. 215, 



C. twgida, Clark, ibid. 



C. reduplicata, Nutting, Proe. Wash. Ac, 1901, III, p. 172. 



C. urceolata, Nutting, ibid. 



Distribution. Sail Francisco, Tomales Bay, Pacific Grove, 

 Oal., between tides. Yakutat, Al. (Nutting). Litnya Bay (!• 

 fathoms) and Port Etches (12-18 fathoms), AL; California, 

 (Clark). 



The hydrothecae of this species are quite variable, the gono- 

 thecae somewhat less so. On the stolon (Fig. 42) two hydro- 

 thecae, one typical of C. urceolata, the other of C. reduplicata, 

 may be borne side by side. These are the extremes. There are 

 various gradations between them, corresponding to the typical 

 hydrothecae of G. cylindriea and C. turgida as figured and 

 described by Clark ('76). The gouothecae may be sessile or 

 elevated on a pedicel of a few rings; always with small circular 

 orifices. The walls are smooth or slightly wrinkled. There are 

 numerous gonophores in each gonotheca. 



A fact of some interest is the beautiful spiral annulation 

 which appears on the hydrorhiza whenever it happens to grow 

 for a space without touching the substratum. The hydrorhiza 

 is smooth when in contact with the substratum (Sertularia 

 anguina in the case of the San Francisco specimens). It is 

 throughout its length twice the diameter of the stem. In one 

 instance its free end had narrowed abruptly into a hydrotheca 

 stalk with a hydrotheca at its extremity (Fig. 47). It seems 

 clear that this striking heteromorphosis, and the change of form 

 of the perisarc of the stolon are causally related to the presence 

 or absence of a contact stimulus. 



Campanularia volubilis (Linn.). 



PI. V. Fig. 48. 



Sertularia volubilis, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., XII ed., p. 1311. 

 Campanularia volubilis, Alder, Tr. Tynes. F. C, 1857, III, p. 125. 



Hineks, Brit. Hydr. Zooph., 1868, p. 160. Hartlaub, Zool. Jahrb. 



Abth. Syst., Geogr. and Biol., 1901, XIV, p. 349. Nutting, Bull. 



U. S. F. C, 1901, XIX, p. 345. 



