Tiir. ('(•NniTioNAi. IN (Ji:i;.M.\N.' ^u 



tiir). Iw. 12<VJ. aiiil similar expressions arc found everywhere 

 in tli<^ 18tli cent, and earlier, never inicrdc iif tiioii (aperiret), 

 and the origin of llie periphrasis of the two is different. 

 W'licrdc (iii/jicllmii tills (piitt* Ihe role of tlu' Preterite Sub- 

 jnnetive and has optative force. A passive conditional ac- 

 (|nires further periphrasis by irncnlc (iiifucNtdii ircrdrn, and 

 this parallels tlie active iriicrdc miflhiiu. From this we see 

 that inicrdc tniflhiin cannot be a mere Subjunctive form of 

 inu'd (inffliini.s\uvo these Indicative perii)hrastic forms have 

 not l)«'en maintained in tlie lanuuat^e (drimm. loc. cit. iNof.). 

 The second opinion is thus set forth by ^^ernalaken (loc. 

 cit. II, 283f.). It is well known that the future cr irivd fni- 

 (jcn had an imperfect form ward or wurdefragen. ll'iD-d, in 

 the be,u:inning joined to the preterite participle, then to. the 

 infinitive, umlauted and iruerde was used consecpiently as 

 conditional along with sollfe and wollte. All four absolute 

 forms of the Subjunctive, kdcnic, waere gekommen, iviicrdc 

 (sollfc) kommoi, icuei'dc (soUte) gekommcn srin, are used as 

 conditionals. Since the subjunctive form is less readily recog- 

 nized in soJUc, irollfr than in wnerde, the subjunctive form of 

 {\\e fufunini aiui fiitiirinn exacium has become more frequent 

 in late years. However, it must not be overlooked that all 

 four absolute subjunctive forms can be used both independ- 

 ently ( that is, in independent clauses), and dependently ( that 

 is, in dependent clauses). Moreover it belongs to the nature 

 of the conditional sentence to employ the absolute future 

 Subjunctive, viz., the conditional present and past, both in- 

 dicatively and sulijunctively,as in French, where the forms are 

 just the same, c. //., in the subordinate clause: II jurait qu' il 

 ne se rendrait (conditional instead of future) jamais coupable 

 tl' uu tel crime. The same can be used indicatively: Je ne 

 me rendrait jamais coupable, etc. As wuerde gchen is noth- 

 ing else than an absolute future conditional, so the French 

 conditional "Je dormerais" denotes no definite time, no pecu- 

 liar mode, but only such a subjunctive as is used conditionally 

 and optatively. While the Indicative of the Imperfect is lost 

 in the dialects of Upper (xermany and the periphrastic Pre- 

 terite ( Perfect ) is used for it, the Subjunctive of the Imper- 



