The Conditioxaf- in (Iekman. (U 



('.(/., Alle Menschen muessen sterbeii; Man muss cler Obrig- 

 keit j^ehorchen. A moral necessity is expressed by sollen and 

 u'ollcn. Sollcn (debere), which in Gothic and O. German 

 very frecjuently denotes the temporal relation of the future, 

 has in Gothic the above mentioned signification of nniessen, 

 e. g., Tharnh is qatli du im thatf i jali thaim antharaim baur- 

 ij^im wailamerjan ik skal bi thiudangardja guths, unte duthe 

 mik insandida. Luc. 4,4)3; unte thatei skuldedum taujan gata- 

 widedum. Luc. 17, 10; Qathuth than jah gajukon im du tham- 

 niei sinteino skulun bidjan. Luc. 18, 1; ik skal waurkjan 

 waurstwa this sandjandins mik. Jno. 9, 4; jah bi thamma 

 witoda unsaramma skal gaswiltan. Jno. 19, 7 : in presnt use it 

 denotes the moral necessity only in so far as it is imposed by 

 the will of another, by command. Every solhm corresponds 

 to a icoUen, e.g., Du sollst schweigen ( Ich will es), Ich soil 

 kommen ( Er will es). Wollrn denotes the moral necessity 

 in as far as it is imposed by the will of the predicated agent. 

 The action denoted as necessary is either the action of the 

 predicated (willing [ participle] ) agent, e. g., er will sprechenj 

 or the action of another agent, c. g., Er will, dass ich spreche. 

 As the English uses these auxiliaries for the temporal rela- 

 tion of the future it must use other auxiliaries ( I wisli, I 

 mean, I intend, etc.,) to express these relations. 



These same three auxiliaries, niuesscn, sollen, icollen, like- 

 wise represent the logical necessity with various shades of 

 meaning. Like Jwennen, ducrfcn, mocgeii, they are also em- 

 ployed in the present in the sense of a logical possibility, 

 even when the declaration of the predicate is past; or in the 

 imperfect when the declaration of the predicated agent is 

 placed in the past, c. g., Er will ilin gesehen haben, Er wollte 

 ihn gesehen haben. Muessen denotes the pure logical neces- 

 sity as one imposed by the judgment of the speaker himself, 

 ^'. iT/., Er muss krank sein. /So//c'/< denotes the logical neces- 

 sity imposed by the judgment of another and corresponds to 

 the Latin decor, e. //., Er soil krank sein, Ich soil dfis gesagt 

 haben, WoUen denotes the logical necessity inipcjsed by the 

 judgment of the predicated agent, e. g., Er will dich kennen, 

 er will dich oft gesehen liiilieii (asserts). Moi-eover it often 



