i\2 Colorado College Studies. 



denotes that the judgment of tlie predicated agent and the 

 logical necessity thereby imposed is only pretended, r. (/., Er 

 will unschuldig sein (he pretends to be innocent), Er will 

 kuenftige Dinge wissen ( he pretends to know future things). 



It is well known that language often represents the rela- 

 tion of necessity as a temporal relation, though more often it 

 employs the temporal forms of the future. On the other hand 

 the temporal relations of the future are often expressed by 

 those auxiliaries which denote necessity, especially by sollcn 

 and irollen. It must be remembered that the fine distinction 

 now observed in the use of sJiaJl and icill did not exist in 

 A.S. where the employment of these verbs corresponded more 

 to that of the German verbs. In German the future is very 

 often denoted by icollen and in restricted (not free) actions 

 by Sollev. p.(/., Ich will dicli morgen besuchen; 1st es wahr, 

 dass mir ein Tag zwei Soehne rauben soil? By means of 

 wollcii and sollen partly inceptive forms and partly temporal 

 forms are created, the former of which alone concerns us here, 

 as they form a strong basis for the future element of these 

 verbs (cf. above). 



Thus we see that however poor the German is in forms for 

 future time, it is rich in expressions of loiU, rntvniion, diiiij, 

 and necessity. Sollen is least of all employed to denote mere 

 future time in modern German, though it is on the other hand 

 used imperatively, which always has reference to future ac- 

 tion: ihr sollt kommen! ihr sollt mir willkominen sein! Woh 

 len denotes rather the free decision and belongs preferably 

 to the first person, sollen to the second, to which the impera- 

 tive refers, while loerden denotes the pure, abstract future and 

 belongs to the third person. 



To return, after this digression, to the two prevailing 

 opinions in regard to the origin of the conditional forms in 

 German we have: 1st, that of Grimm, that the present of the 

 Conditional (kanic) in the verbs of the new conjugation (re- 

 dete) in German is not different from the imperfect Indicative 

 and this caused the introduction of the future form (wurde) 

 to supply the place of the failing subjunctive form; secondly, 

 the inceptive preterite (ward weinen) is employed later as 



