<)4 ('(tl.OKADO CoLLIidlC vStIDIKS. 



mode fimn tlu' Siil)junclivn'. The siinj)l(' Foiiiis of llic Con- 

 ditional, r. //., spraeelie. liaette i^esproclien. are formed, like 

 the forms of the Subjunctive, from the tense-forms of the 

 Indicative; but they by no means correspond in meaning: to 

 these latter forms; in time spraeche does not correspond to 

 sprach, but to the present spreche; and haette gesprochen 

 not to the i^luperfect hatte gesprochen, but to the perfect habe 

 gesprochen. This is also the case with the Latin conditional 

 forms, c. (/., (Uccrcm, ((mximii, dixisscm, (ii)invisscm, yet with 

 the difference that (Jicerem, amarcm, etc., are not formed from 

 the preterite of the Indicative. The modal rehition of the 

 Conditional -the assumed reality of a predicate which is not 

 real in itself for the speaker — is a special relation decidedly 

 different from the modal relation of the Subjunctive — a re- 

 lation merely contemplated by the speaker, and therefore for 

 him only a logically possible thought; in all languages, there- 

 fore, it is distinguished in form from the relations of the Sub- 

 junctive. All languages have not, indeed, like the Indie, 

 Greek and German languages, special flexional forms for this 

 modal relation. The Slavic, as well as the Semitic languages, 

 have no special form for the Conditional, just as they have 

 none for the Subjunctive; they none the less express both 

 modal relations and clearly distinguish them l)y denoting th.e 

 relation of the Subjunctive by the tense-forms of the future, 

 but the Conditional by the tense-forms of the preterite. Thus 

 the logical possibility ( Subjunctive) is represented as some- 

 thing which can become real, and the reality which is only 

 assumed (Conditional ) as something that has been and there- 

 fore is not real. The Conditional is often represented both 

 in Greek and German in the same way, c.(j.,ti n. sl/s-y, eoioou «>, 

 wenn er etwas haette, so wuerde er es geben; Maria Stuart 

 war noch heute frei, wenn ich es nicht hindert ; Wenn dieser 

 starke Arm Eucli nicht hereingefuehrt, Ihr sahet nie den 

 Ranch von einem fraenkischen Kamin steigen. It is es- 

 pecially the negatived reality which language represents by 

 using a preterite tense instead of the Conditional; the latter 

 (negatived reality) is often denoted by a mere preterite, f\ //., 

 Jene hat gelebt, wenn ich dies Blatt ans meinen Haenden 

 gebe. Notice the following in Greek where the particle «v 



