The Conditional in Gekman. 65 



marks an action as contingent on an unfulfilled supiDOsition, 

 and therefore contrary to fact (.hypothetical Indicative; Had- 

 ley Sec. 895): j'Jwzcv mv, £.^ n sl/^.', "he would have given, if he 

 had had anything". Sometimes in the conclusion the aorist 

 refers to the present and is used of the inception or bringing 



about of the action, e.g., si tyat at irvyyiVMVj «v£/ywTwv, ri av fxoi 



«r:£z/<:'i/w, "if I happened to be asking you, ivhat would you 

 ( proceed to) answer .?" 



On the other hand every thought of cognition — a judg- 

 ment or a question — is either a logically real or a logically 

 possible thought. We call it logically real when it is an in- 

 tuitive thought of the speaker; we call it logically possible 

 when it is a thought intuitively conceived by the speaker and 

 is assumed as a grammatical member in an intuitive con- 

 ception. The intuitive thought of the speaker is expressed 

 in an independent clause, e.g., Er hat immer Wort gehalten. 

 From those intuitive thoughts which are really in the rela- 

 tion of logical reality we must distinguish those intuitive 

 thoughts in which the predicate stands in an antithesis to 

 the reality merely assumed by the speaker, e. g., Jedermann 

 wuerde ihm vertrauen, wenn er immer Wort gehalten liaette. 

 The intuitive thought of the speaker is expressed, when it 

 really stands in the relation of logical reality, by the Indica- 

 tive; when the predicate of the thought stands in an antithesis 

 to the reality assumed by the speaker, it is then it is expressed 

 by the Conditional. The one common point which the Con- 

 ditional has with the Indicative is that it expresses a real 

 judgment — an intuitive thought — of the speaker, and hence, 

 like the Indicative, stands in independent clauses; it is dis- 

 tinguished from the Indicative by always representing the 

 predicate in the relation of a reality, though only assumed by 

 the speaker. The sentence Waere er ein guter Haushaelter 

 gewesen, so waere er der reichste Mann in der Stadt expresses, 

 just as Wenn er ein guter Haushaelter ist, wird er ein reicher 

 Mann, or Er ist der reichste Mann im Lande, a real judgment 

 of the speaker, though the predicate is not, as in the last sen- 

 tence, in the relation of unconditional reality, but the reality 

 of the predicate is conditioned, and, indeed, so conditioned 



