30 



COLORADO COLLE E STUDIES. 



ill some notable iiistances, at least, the flow of carbon dioxide, 

 just as at Manitou, occurs where there are no i^^meus rocks, 

 but at points where the older rocks have been faulted or 

 fissured below overlying limestones. A case in illustration 

 occurs at the Saratoga springs in New York. The silurian 

 limestone is there faulted by a fissure which extends down 

 into the archtean rocks below, and no other visible cause ap- 

 pears for the generation of the gas. Also the conditions of 

 the Canon City, Colo., carbonated springs seem, from an ex- 

 amination of the geological maps, to be very similar to those 

 at Manitou — but the writer has no positive knowledge as to 

 whether or not the rock fissures in that region extend to the 

 vicinity of the springs as is the case at Manitou. The pub- 

 lished analyses of the water from the springs at Canon City 

 show that in respect of both the kinds of salts and the 

 quantity of them present, they very closely resemble the 

 springs at Manitou. 



The second part of this paper concerns the use made by 

 the Manitou Mineral Water Co., of the natural gas which 

 comes from the springs. A description of the steps taken 

 and the apparatus devised to accomplish this end may be of 

 interest. In the early days the Navajo group of springs 

 bubbled and fizzled in a peaty morass, and could be approached 

 with difiiculty. The Navajo spring which gave the most 

 gas and water was then curbed with cement and stone and 

 the swamp filled up with earth. From this spring was drawn 

 the water put up by the Company in 1889, at the time the 

 proposition was made to use the escaping gas to recharge the 

 bottled water. In the accomplishment of this plan three 

 problems required solution, namely: (1) to ascertain the 

 quantity of gas available for use: (2) to devise means for 

 catching and storing the gas: (3) to obtain a gas-pump which 

 would continuously and practically compress the gas to the 

 degree obtained in the old gas-generators, i. e. some 60 to 80 

 lbs. per square inch. 



The measurement of the gas was effected as follows: A 

 large tin funnel, stiffened at the wide opening with heavy 

 wire, aud made very short from large to small end, was sunk 



