Trade and the Flag i 5 



linguistic hold in the extreme Orient, and that growing attention 

 is being paid to German in Japan without outside help. 43 In 

 colonial work the French, Spanish and Portuguese try more than 

 other nations to assimilate the native populations, and they are 

 very successful in promulgating language, in which work the 

 Catholic church is a great aid. In many cases their languages 

 have outlived their rule. The French have thus left the impress 

 of both religion and language upon the French islands of Mar- 

 tinique and Guadeloupe. 44 English is now the school language 

 of the Filipinos, just as under Spanish rule, Spanish was nomi- 

 nally to be learned in all the schools. 45 English is supplanting 

 all other languages in Canada as in Dutch South Africa, 46 and 

 the knowledge of English is spreading rapidly in India. 47 For- 

 mosa, in turn, contains a school in every local center for teaching 

 the Japanese language to natives and native languages to Japa- 

 nese. 48 Miller says that every official that he met in Bosnia and 

 Herzegovina, no matter from what part of the monarchy, spoke 

 the language of the people and adds : " British imports are com- 

 paratively few, and so long as British merchants continue to send 

 their circulars in their own language and to express their prices 

 in their own currency they will have no chance of success." 49 



In the tropics as a rule the native languages are retained. The 

 Dutch have tried to discourage the use of their language in Java, 

 but they expect their officials to master the native languages in 

 the colonial training schools before going to the colonies. There- 

 fore, the study of language, including Javanese, is much insisted 

 on in the Civil Service appointments for the Dutch East Indies. 50 



43 Consul Thomas H. Norton, " Language," in U. S. Consular Reports, 

 September, 1907, 91. 



44 Bigelow, Children of the Nations, 188. 



45 Colquhoun, Mastery of the Pacific, 136. 

 49 Bigelow, op. cit., 223. 



47 Elwin, Indian Jottings, 152. 



48 Colquhoun, op. cit., 390; Statesman's Year-Book, 1908, 1220. 

 "Miller, Travels and Politics in the Near East, 113. 



60 " Colonial Administration," in Monthly Summary of Commerce and 

 Finance, October, 1901, 1337-1338. 



I 9 I 



