Trade and the Flag 33 



strictly manufacturing nations, but by a system of strict protec- 

 tionism the most possible has been made of all new territory 

 acquired. 115 In Khiva, Bokhara and Turkistan cotton-raising is 

 an important industry and is rapidly being extended. Trans- 

 portation facilities have not been sufficient to carry the entire 

 crops to market. The exports of cotton from Central Asia to 

 Russia by way of the Caspian Sea alone amounted to over 214 

 million pounds in weight as early as 1900-1901. 116 Owing to the 

 central location of Bokhara its foreign commerce is quite im- 

 portant and it has considerably advanced under Russian protec- 

 tion. Trade is principally with Russia, India and Persia, and is 

 carried on by caravan routes and by means of the Trans-Caspian 

 Railway. The entire foreign trade of Bokhara is estimated at 

 15 million dollars, of which two-thirds or 10 million dollars is 

 with Russia. 117 Bokhara's imports of green tea, chiefly from 

 India, are said to amount to 1,125 tons per annum. Other im- 

 ports from India are indigo, Decca muslins, drugs, shawls and 

 kincobs. Bokhara in turn exports raw silk to India in large 

 quantities, the estimated amount for one year being 34 tons. The 

 chief commercial products of Khiva are cotton, as mentioned 

 above, and silk. 118 It has been suggested that the cultivation of 

 amicable relations with Japan and China would guarantee Russia 

 the facilities for trade and commerce 119 which are not supplied 

 by Russian possessions. 



Figures are not available to give any definite idea of the extent 

 of the trade of China with her four possessions. It is of con- 

 siderable importance, however. Chinese Turkestan carries on a 

 heavy caravan commerce with China. 120 Russia also comes in 

 for a share of the trade of Turkestan which is carried on in 

 the same manner as from time immemorial. The traders carry 

 their wares from place to place, their means of transport often 



115 Gerrare, Greater Russia, 308-309. 



m International Year Book, 1902, p. 141. 



117 New International Encyclopedia, 3: 181. 



ns Statesman's Year-Book, 1908, p. 1467-68. 



119 Dyer, lapan in World Politics, 198. 



130 New International Encyclopedia, 16: ion. 



209 



