52 Minnie Throop England 



the colonies when they come into competition with them. Large 

 sums are spent for salted and preserved meats for the army and 

 agriculturists desire that this shall all be spent for French 

 products and not colonial. This sentiment was voiced by a 

 deputy who said that it was never intended that French farmers 

 who paid the greater part of the taxes should be sacrificed to the 

 interests of a few speculators in the colonies. 



Naturally, the older the colony the more likely is it to compete 

 with the governing nation. The older British colonies, especially 

 Canada, are beginning to develop considerable skill in manu- 

 facturing. It was the textile manufacturers in the Dominion that 

 offered the strongest resistance to a preferential tariff in favor 

 of the mother country. 1550 The Colonial and Indian Exhibition of 

 1886 revealed, at that early date, very surprising ambitions in the 

 direction of manufacturing. Although the English colonies con- 

 tain millions and millions of acres of unoccupied land, they fur- 

 nished at this exhibition great displays of samples of home- 

 manufactured clothes, hosiery, machinery and billiard tables. 

 The desire of the colonies to foster home manufactures is shown 

 by their tariff schedules. Every responsible colony but one (New 

 South Wales) has a more or less severe tariff. In Victoria, not 

 only are watches and clocks taxed, but such essentials as agri- 

 cultural machinery, hansom cabs, waggonettes, buggies, medi- 

 cines, silk manufactures, articles of apparel and coal. The Rep- 

 resentative and the Crown colonies are under imperial control, 

 and for this reason have been prevented from adopting any pro- 

 tective measures. India, for example, has not been allowed to 

 protect her own cotton goods against Lancashire although some 

 maintain that it is England's duty to regard India's needs. 181 



180 Root, Trade Relations of the British Empire, 46. 



181 Caldecott, English Colonization and Empire, 180-181 ; cf. Kirkpatrick, 

 " Supplementary Chapter," in Caldecott, op. cit., 283. 



In 1894 when the Indian customs tariffs were revised " a small duty 

 was imposed on (among other goods) the cotton goods imported into 

 India. No countervailing excise duties were imposed by the Indian Gov- 

 ernment on cotton fabrics or on cotton yarns of a lower 'count' than 

 ' twenties '—the Indian mills mostly manufacturing yarns of low counts. 



228 



