54 Minnie Throop England 



between the French and the English over the Newfoundland fish- 

 eries so hard to adjust. 1S4 French occupation of Tunis accounts 

 for seventy-five per cent of the Italian's animosity toward the 

 French. 1S3 Giddings, on the other hand, holds that the possession 

 of territory may be an entering wedge for securing enlarged trade 

 opportunities in a given region. He says : 1S6 



" The demand for liberal trade opportunities in the East will 

 not be respected by China and her great overlord, Russia, merely 

 because we are able to show her how valuable such privileges 

 have been and may become to them and to ourselves. They will 

 think of us as our protectionists have thought of them and of 

 Europe — as a people afar off: and they will yield a more atten- 

 tive ear to powers that, in delusive perspective, seem to be more 

 important because they are nearer. All history points to the 

 conclusion that in no Way can we make our demand for greater 

 trade facilities in the East so effective as by maintaining our 

 sovereignty over some territory, however small, in that quarter 

 of the world. If we have possessions there, if we have difficul- 

 ties and responsibilities to meet there, our own attention will not 

 be withdrawn from the opportunities there offered ; and the 

 Oriental powers will not themselves forget our existence and 

 our resources. In short, unless we are prepared to see the 

 Oriental trade that we now enjoy slip out of our hands, and 

 unless we are oblivious to the possibilities of its increase, we prob- 

 ably must retain possession of some territory in the Western 

 Pacific." 



Finally, is it necessary to annex territory to secure the markets 

 of that territory? Free trade economists who distinguish be- 

 tween a territorial empire and a trade empire answer the question 

 in the negative. It is true that nations, as we have seen, are 

 becoming increasingly dependent upon the tropics for supplies, 

 but such trade does not confine itself to the mother country and 

 possession. Outside countries get a share also. The tropical 



Greswell, British Colonisation, 56. 



Mansfield, In the Land of Mosques and Minarets, 59. 

 1 Giddings, Democracy and Empire, 283. 



230 



