Plant Migration Studies 1 1 



like. They are eaten by some birds, and in this way the seeds 

 are scattered. 



Eastern Red Cedar {Juniper us virginiana L.) is found scat- 

 tered over the eastern United States, and occurs in the various 

 bodies of forests eastward of Nebraska. From these it has 

 moved westward up the river valleys fully two-thirds of the dis- 

 tance across the state (2). 



Western Red Cedar (Juniperus scopulornm Sarg.) occurs in 

 the Rocky Mountains, from which it appears to have moved 

 eastward into the western third of the state (3). 



Papaw (Asiniinn triloba (L.) Dunal). The large fleshy fruits 

 which contain about eight large hard seeds are edible, and are 

 picked up and carried off, or eaten directly by various quadru- 

 peds. In either case it happens that some of the seeds are car- 

 ried some distance from the parent trees. This species is very 

 common in the Missouri forests, from which it has moved up 

 the river valleys (4) in southeastern Nebraska (Richardson to 

 Pawnee, Nemaha, Otoe, and Saunders counties). 



Hackberry (Celfis occidentalis L.). The globose one-seeded 

 fruits are fleshy, and are in fact small drupes, much like thin- 

 fleshed cherries. They are freely eaten by birds, and thus the 

 seeds may be carried to considerable distances (even to many 

 miles) from the parent trees. This species occurs abundantly in 

 the Missouri forests, from which it has extended its range up 

 the Missouri, Republican, Platte and Niobrara river valleys, 

 across the plains (20) to the Rocky Mountains. 



Red Mulberry {Morns rubra L.). The compound fleshy fruit 

 (sorosis) consists of an aggregation of small one-seeded drupes, 

 each surrounded by the fleshy calyx-lobes. They are eaten by 

 many birds, and the hard seeds are voided uninjured, and thus 

 carried far away from the parent trees. The Mulberry is found 

 abundantly in the Missouri forests, from which it has extended 

 northwestward along the eastern border of the state to Cedar 

 County (21). 



Prairie Apple or Western Crab-Apple {Mains ioxvensis 

 (Wood) Britt.). The fleshy fruit contains five two-seeded car- 

 pels, and is eaten by swine, cattle, sheep, horses, and probably by 



21 



