34 Anderson William Clark 



IX 



GROUNDS UPON WHICH STATE CONTROL AND SUPERVISION REST 



It grows out of the nature of the state itself, which is a Hving 

 organism. ' As a Hving, growing body the state has many mem- 

 bers with many functions. As illustrated by M. Fouillee : "In 

 the highly organized machines used in the manufacture of cotton 

 or woolen stuffs, when a single thread breaks, the loom stops of 

 its own motion, as if the machine were notified of the accident 

 which has happened to one of its parts, and could not continue 

 its work until this is repaired. This is a sample of the solidarity 

 which will more and more hold sway over human society. In 

 this web of social interests, wherein all individual destinies are 

 interwoven, not a thread, not an individual should be injured 

 without the general mechanism being warned of the accident 

 affected by it, and obliged to repair the harm done as far as 

 possible."^ If one member suffers all members suffer. Just as 

 the brain is the supreme center for the direction of the members 

 of the body, so the state constitutes the center for the control and 

 supervision of charities and correction. These problems are of 

 vital importance to the whole community and are so complex and 

 so interwoven with the life of the people that state control is a 

 necessity. 



X 



EVOLUTION OF STATE CONTROL AND SUPERVISION 



r-^r many years there has been a steady drift toward state 

 control and supervision. Not long ago most of the insane patients 

 of this country were cared for in almshouses. In the process of 

 evolution private charity, going in advance of the state, took 

 many of the insane out of almshouses and put them into private 

 hospitals which had been constructed for that purpose. These 

 hospitals were built by the generous gifts of private individuals 



^ La science sociale contemporaine, p. 211. 



390 . 



