54 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [ JANUARY 
quently the microspores are not discharged from the two anthers 
of a flower at the same time. 
CARPELS. 
When the stamens are in the stages of development shown in 
figs. 14 and 15, the beginning of the ovule usually may be dis- 
tinguished. In fig. 8 the nucellus appears as the elevation in 
the center, while the outgrowth shown in section on either side 
is the beginning of the carpel. The walls of the carpel grow 
very rapidly, soon extending beyond the tip of the nucellus, at 
which point they approach each other. Instead of the carpel 
walls coming together immediately above the nucellus to forma 
solid style, there is a canal which in the adult carpel extends 
from one-fourth to one-half the length of the style. The outer 
end of the carpel is also deeply funnel-shaped, thereby greatly 
reducing the amount of tissue through which the pollen tube 
must pass. Asthe young carpel develops, it presses against the 
upper wall of the flower pouch. This causes it gradually to 
change its direction until its longitudinal axis lies almost in the 
plane of the axis, of the stamens (fig. g). When the tip of the 
carpel escapes from the spathe the funnel-shaped stigma turns 
upward (figs. z, 2). Whether this is merely an attempt to come 
to the surface of the water to catch pollen grains, or to extend 
above the surface to protect the mucilaginous secretion, I could 
not determine. In ¢ither case it seems clear that the deep 
funnel-shaped tip is well constructed to hold pollen grains which 
have once become lodged therein. 
OVULES. 
The axial ovule begins to grow with its apex pointed almost 
directly toward the surface of the plant, its longitudinal axis 
being at an angle of about 60° from that of the stamens, which 
it will be remembered lie in a plane almost parallel to the sur- 
: face of the frond. The nucellus appears first, as a few-celled 
papilla, which very early has at its sides the projections from 
which the integuments develop (figs. go, gr). Onoone side the 
