80 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [ JANUARY 
the Museum at Paris; the other set will be sold. M. Gandoger has come 
this decision in order to ensure the preservation of this valuable collectio 
In case an accident should befall one- half of it, the other will be li el 
mens. It would be particularly valuable in determining the identity — 
American with European forms. 
AT THE MEETING of the Academy of Science of St. Louis on the evening 
of December 5, 1898, Mr. H. von Schrenk presented by title a paper “On the © 
mode of dissemination of Usnea barbata ;” and Professor L. H. Pammel pre- 
sented by title a Sr on “The nadie of the caryopsis and endo 
of some grasses.” 
Dr. Theo, Kodis presented the results of some experiments on overcool- 
ing animal and vegetable tissues, in which it was shown that, as water may, 
under favorable conditions, be cooled to some distance below zero, Centigrade, 
without freezing —the temperature immediately rising to the freezing poimt 
the moment that freezing begins, and remaining there until the water 
entirely solidified, then beginning once more to drop—so, when animal an 
vegetable tissues are experimented on, they may be cooled to a temperature 
decidedly lower than the freezing point, under favorable conditions, be 
freezing begins, but that, when it begins, the temperature at once rises tot 
freezing point (which is always somewhat ‘lower than that of pure water 
remaining there until the process of freezing is complete, when it once m : 
begins to fall. The speaker gave a short account of the current theorle 
as to the mechanical constitution of protoplasm, and discussed the bea 
on them of the phenomena when the solidification of overcooled tsstt 
began.—Wm. TRELEASE. 
