1896, ] A New Californian Liverwort. II 
sexual organs, and these were not produced in a normal man- 
ner upon the secondary shoots. Enough was seen, however, 
to show that in a general way both archegonia and antheridia 
are similar to those of Sphaerocarpus. The archegonium 
fig. 7), however, is larger, and the neck somewhat longer 
and straighter, and it is not so distinctly stalked. The an- 
theridium is much the same shape as that of Sphaerocarpus, 
but the early divisions are apparently less regular. A very 
marked difference between the genera is the much greater 
number of the sexual organs in Sphaerocarpus, where they 
completely cover the the dorsal surface of the thallus. In 
Geothallus they are produced much more sparingly, and there 
is, apparently, no difference in the form and size of the male 
and female plants, whereas this is very noticeable in Sphaero- 
carpus. Indeed it is not impossible that Geothallus may some- 
times be monoecious. As in Sphaerocarpus the sexual organs 
are surrounded individually by a sac-shaped envelope, which 
is relatively much less developed than there. 
he sporogonium resembles closely that of Sphaerocarpus 
terrestris, but is larger. The fully grown sporogonium is a 
nearly spherical capsule about 1™ in diameter, connected by 
a very short seta to the bulbous foot which is sunk in the thal- 
us. Owing to the nearly sessile position of the archegonium, 
the foot is not raised above the level of the thallus as is the 
Case in Sphaerocarpus. The sporogonium wall is composed of 
a single layer of rather thick walled cells, which at maturity 
are almost black in color. The capsule is filled with a mass 
of spores intermingled with thin-walled oval cells like those 
found in Sphaerocarpus (fig. 8, c.). These sterile cells which 
here are probably only nutritive in function, are doubtless the 
homologues of the elaters of the more specialized Hepaticz. 
hey are oval cells, measuring from 48—108y in length, and 
as a rule are relatively longer than the similar cells of Sphae- 
Ffocarpus. They contain some chlorophyll, and scattered 
gtanules, apparently of albuminous nature, but little or no 
starch, while in Sphaerocarpus there are numerous large starch 
granules present. 
The Spores are very large, and at maturity separate com- 
Pletely - They are nearly globular and range from 120—140# 
‘n diameter. The wall is very thick, and in section (fig. 6, 6.) 
Shows two well marked layers, perinium (epispore), and exo- 
Spore. An endospore is also probably present, but in micro- 
