22 The Botanical Gazette. [January, 
ment. Remembering the definition given of fruct and 
of fertilization, it is at once apparent that the word fructifi- 
cation is used ambiguously above. Under Kerner’s own def: 
nition the /ruzt, that is the body or embryo, arising from the 
fusion of two protoplasts, is quite as invisible to ordinary eyes 
in phanerogams as in cryptogams. Nor are the ‘‘organs 
any plainer in the one case than in the other. | 
p. 49. “In cryptogams fertilization takes place in water or iné@ 
watery medium, whereas the process in phanerogams is accomplished 
almost exclusively in the air.’ : 
his is the old confusion between pollination, 
which is the scattering of spores on a favorable locality, and 
fertilization which, as is properly stated by Kerner, consists 
in the union of two protoplasts. As a matter of fact fertiliza- 
tion in phanerogams, under Kerner’s own definition nevé 
takes place ‘‘in the air,” but always in the tissues of the ovule 
and ovary. It would be quite as proper to say that the fer- 
tilization of all vascular cryptogams takes place ‘‘in the alt, 
since in these spores are blown out of the sporangia into the 
atmosphere, thence to light on some favorable germinatio! 
spot. 
p- 47. “The cell wherein the spermatoplasm is brought to ; 4 
proper form and composition for the purpose of fertilization 1s calle 
an antheridium in the case of a cryptogam, and a pollen-grain in the 
case of a phanerogam.” 
p. 85. “Pollen consists of cells which contain spermatoplasm, and 
Ss." . 
ment and inference in it is erroneous. For the term anthe 
ridium, at least among archegoniates, is employed to desig” 
nate, not a cell but an organ, and is properly employed by 
Kerner farther on (p. 65), where he describes in the ordinary 
manner how moss antheridia are produced, “mingled wi 
paraphyses.” The ‘‘cell in which the spermatoplasm is pre 
pared,” etc., is a sperm-mother-cell or spermatocyte, not a | 
antheridium. Neor is a spermatocyte or antheridium in “ 
degree homologous or analogous with a pollen-grain. Fo 
p- 68. Discussing the Filices: “The fertilized ooplasm now hich 
divides . . . and thus is produced a multicellular embryo ¥ 
remains imbedded in the unaltered amphigonium (archegone). 
