174 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [warce 
The most extensive fossil beach observed was at Glen Haven, 
where an area several hectares in extent has been denuded of its 
covering of sand to help supply the extensive dune complex, — 
Similar but smaller fossil beaches were seen at Saugatuck and 
North Manitou island. Associated with the fossil beach isa 
formation which may not represent a beach at all. In the 
general description of the region, reference was made to the 
high terrace-like bluffs along the northern portions of the lake 
shore. These miniature plateaux, from which former sand dunes 
have doubtless been removed, exhibit a surface of gravel, which 
produces the appearance of a fossil or a true beach. The most 
extensive of these flat gravel-topped hills are at Glen Haven 
similar but less extensive formations of this type were seen at 
Frankfort and North Manitou island. 
The floras of the fossil beaches and the gravel terraces 120 
meters above the present beach are essentially identical, although 
the latter apparently have a greater exposure. Both the beaches 
and terraces have a flora which resembles that of the upper bea 
in a general way, but there is a pronounced decrease of most of 
the typical beach forms and a pronounced increase of the more 
inland types. Thus the flora clearly illustrates the greater piv 
tection from exposure which is enjoyed on the fossil beach. 
The Artemisias are as characteristic of the fossil beaches and 
terraces as of the upper beach, but none of their five chief beac! 
associates retain their prominence here. Cvicus Pitchert oe 
frequently, but chiefly at the lower level; Euphorbia polygompole 
and (Enothera biennis were observed but rarely and only at * 
lower level; Lathyrus, Corispermum, and Agropyrum were 10 
found at all. In place of these upper beach plants the ~— 
Sias have a new crowd of associates. In general the scott 
and fossil beaches have four dominant character plants, -_ 
Canadensis (or A. caudata) as already named, Solidago ae 
Cillmani, Lithospermum hirtum and Andropogon scopars. the 
dago and Lithospermum were noted as occurring at times o* . 
upper beach, but they are far more common here. Andropesr : 
was not observed on the true beach, but is very common a 
