362 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [MAY 
momlifera is often common. At the south end of the lake Sas- 
safras officinale grows with the basswood in abundance. Trees 
that occur occasionally along the coast in this association are 
Quercus coccinea tinctoria, Fraxinus Americana, Juglans cinerea, 
Ulmus fulva, Ostrya Virginica, Acer saccharinum, Betula papynifera, 
Abies balsamea, Pinus Strobus, T: suga Canadensis, Thuya occidentalis. 
One of the remarkable features of the basswood dunes is the 
luxuriant development of lianas. Scarcely anywhere away from 
the river bottom forests is there such a development of climbers 
in this region. Celastrus scandens, Vitis cordifolia, and Rhus Tox- 
tcodendron occur alrhost everywhere. Ampelopsis quinquefolia and 
Smilax hispida are not infrequent. The great liana development 
may be correlated, perhaps, with the dense growth of trees. 
Shrubs are abundant about the margins of the miniature for- 
ests and in the more open places. Oftenthese may be regarded 
as relicts of a former exclusive shrub vegetation. Prunus Vir- 
Siniana and Cornus stolonifera are the most common tall shrubs, 
Kosa Engelmanni the most common low shrub. At the south 
end of the lake Hamamelis Vi irginiana, Ptelea trifoliata, Rhus Can- 
adensts, and Celtis occidentalis pumila are common and very char- 
acteristic. The only herb that can be regarded as characteristic 
of this association is Syilacina stellata. Elymus Canadensis occurs 
in the open places. Many other herbs are occasionally present, 
but there is no necessity for mentioning them. The slopes of 
the crateriform depression in fig. 22 have most of the typical 
plants of a basswood dune. The bare trees are chiefly basswoods, 
the others pines. 
By all odds the most remarkable feature of the flora on the 
basswood dunes is its decided mesophytic flavor. The majority 
of the above-named species are usually pronounced pete 
Indeed, along the wooded bottoms of the Desplaines river 7 
from dunes and dune influences, the following of the above a 
may be found growing together: Tilia, Fraxinus, Ulmus pda 
Populus, Celastrus, Vitis, Rhus Toxicodendron, Ampelopsis: aif 
lax, Prunus, Cornus, Hamamelis, Ptelea, and Celtis. Thus " 
of the entire number recorded above are found in a single "IV 
