1809] PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM 423 
consists in the development of the first three leaves of the plumule 
as scales, the ‘‘ Niederblatter’’ of the Germans. In all the other 
instances where a cotyledonar tube is developed, the first leaf 
_ ofthe plumule seems to be above ground, green, and of approxi- 
| mately the same outline as the later developed leaves. A very 
few cases are known from other genera, in which the first leaves 
are scale-like ; for instance, Hepatica triloba and several species 
of Asarum, but the plumule is above ground in these, and the 
cotyledons are free. A very remarkable case is the germination 
of Adoxa moschatellina, which has been described by Alexander 
Braun. In this the cotyledons are above ground and free, but 
: the plumule develops into a long internode under ground with 
_ Scale-like leaves preceding the aerial green ones, thus agreeing 
some extent with our Podophyllum peltatum. 
It is very interesting to observe the various 
Ways in which the plumule is protected, espe- 
| cially when it is to hibernate in true bud form. 
But there does not seem to be any connection 
between the development of a cotyledonar 
tube and a naked plumule, 7. ¢., without scale- 
like leaves, nor between a hibernating plumule, 
‘utrounded by scale-like leaves, and free coty- 
dons, for in Podophyllum peltatum we find 
both; the plumule is here not only protected 
by the inclosing sheath of the cotyledons, but 
_ "Sfirst leaves, which are scale-like, furnish it 
- ample protection during the winter. 
ts In continuing the investigation of the seed- 
a "gs of Podophyllum, we noticed the following 
, that the plumule had finally developed 
Mike, tort Unies ee oe FIG. 3. ere og 
i only one << (fig. J ), of P. cones if 3 
i. green leaf Z, with long petiole and a second year; BSS 
€ of peltate shape. The primary root still s- 
Petsists, and the direction of the main shoot, the only one devel- 
"80 far, is vertical. In comparing the plant at this stage 
