212 The Botanical Gazette. [April, 
pea, an account of whose long rootstocks I wrote in the first 
paper of this series. The old plants were a foot high and in 
flower, while scattered about among them were small plants 
an inch or so above the sand. I found that these were of two 
kinds, readily distinguishable after a short examination, 
namely, seedlings and young shoots from old rootstocks. | 
made collections of both. In almost every case the pea was 
attached to the seedling and it was always from two to four 
inches below the surface of the sand. How does the pea in- 
variably reach that depth where the necessary moisture is al- 
ways present? The constant fall winds which blow over the 
evershifting sands partially account for that. And yet, in 
the case of the little seedlings of Euphorbia polygonifolia L. 
the spurge, and A¢riplex arenarium Nutt., the orach, as wel 
as Solidago sempervirens L., the seaside goldenrod, and oth- 
ers which I collected in quantity, the size and position of the 
plants show that their seeds lay much nearer the surface of 
the sand, though subjected to the same conditions as those of 
the beach pea. In seedlings of Xanthium Canadense Mill., 
var. echinatum Gray, the cockle burr, the burr enclosing the 
akenes is buried to the same depth as that of the beach pe 
This question of the distance below the surface attained by 
different seeds is worthy of examination. The roots of the 
pea seedlings, of which I examined a large number, were deli- 
cate and very white, and penetrated the moist sand for four 
inches below the pea. In one instance I dug up a whole pod 
still containing a single pea which had sprouted and sent its 
seedling above the sand. The pod was soft and moist, 4” 
would soon have decayed. 
In Whitefield, N. H., in the rich northern woods, I made 
some valuable additions to my collection. It was much hardet 
to find the seedlings in the luxuriant growth that carpets ie 
floor of those grand forests of birch, ash, spruce, pine 4" 
maple. In the deep shade half hidden amongst the low 
all forms 
i 
the striped maple, or moose-wood, A. spicatum Lam, | 
In Acer Pennsylvanicum L., the cotyledons are from ee 
half to three-fourths of an inch | l 
ong and narrowly 0 
shape. The first pair of leaves are ovate, heart-shaped : 
