272 The Botanical Gazette. (May, 
arate above, and the stigmas appear between them. She 
saw hive bees collecting the pollen. In view of Loew’s ob- 
servations and the statement of the Manual that the stamens 
exceed the stigmas, it is not easy to understand how the 
recurving stigmas will meet the anthers. 
The white nodding flowers of 7. cernuum L., according to 
Miss Carter, are slightly proterandrous, with a chance of 
spontaneous self-pollination by the stigmas recurving to meet 
the shorter stamens. She saw a bumble bee visiting the 
flowers for nectar. 
I. erectum L., according to Loew, is a dark purple pollen- 
flower with offensive odor. The flower with its expanded or 
recurved petals measures about 7.5 across. In cases ob- 
Served by him the anthers did not reach the height of the 
stigmas, but he mentions that the latter bend backwards. 
Miss Carter fouind the stigmas and anthers at nearly the same 
level. She regards spontaneous self-pollination as the rule, 
The Manual says that the stamens equal or exceed the stig- 
mas. According to Weed (4) this species is proterandrous 
and adapted to cross-pollination. In New Hampshire he saw 
the flowers visited for pollen by two or three species of flesh- 
flies, among them Lucilia cornicina F. Miss Carter saw the 
flowers visited by four beetles, ‘‘certainly of little avail in 
Cross-pollination and probably too late.” The absence of 
nectar makes strong dichogamy improbable. The odor, color 
and the observed visits of flesh-flies suggest an adaptation to 
these insects, but the absence of nectar is hard to understand. 
The pinkish and white forms may be more attractive to in- 
Sects, if they want the disagreeable odor and secrete nectah 
but the greenish form is probably the most degraded. In 
fact this range of variation itself may be a sign of degradation: 
The flower seems to be losing its hold on insects and to big 
a transition between the other entomophilous species of Tre 
ium and the still more degraded 7. sessile and rect oe 
TRILLIUM SESSILE L.—Loew (1, 2) classes this flower wit 
I. erectum, but I have noted no disagreeable o 
In Patterson’s Catalogue of Illinois Plants it is credi 
Kankakee and Wabash counties. I have found it in onl , 
locality. The sepals are not reflexed as in the next a 
petals are greenish except at base, where they are dark P 
