1896. Anatomical and Physiological Researches. 295 
the internal revolution described by Sachs could be obtained; 
but it is readily shown that the plasma regains something of 
its original form if kept at this temperature, while if cooled 
the alteration of form becomes complete. The effects there- 
fore are effects of change, not specifically of heat. Heat 
itself works disorganization without characteristic deforma- 
tion, except the appearance of granulation in the last stage. 
Low temperatures within the minimum showed essentially 
like effects. Only a sudden change produced any substantial 
deformations. Contractions of the plasma occur in consider- 
able amount only at temperatures which after longer time 
ptoduce death. These, therefore, are only the expression of 
the general injury, not the specific and immediate effects nec- 
sarily accompanying disorganization by abnormal tempera- 
ture, which are purely internal and molecular and are ex- 
pressed only by the granular appearance of the protoplasm 
killed by extreme temperature. 
2, Light. No attempt was made to determine whether a 
ower limit exists, though the experiments of Hofmeister and 
Baranetzky mentioned in Pfeffer's Phystologie suggest such a 
Possibility, Pringsheim established the fact that a high in- 
lensity of light can disorganize and kill protoplasm. But 
Klemm was not able to discover any phenomena which are 
ypical of death through light, either because they occur ex- 
tlisively or in higher degree under its action. Light, how- 
“et, is not able to produce such intensive mass movements, 
When suddenly applied, as does heat suddenly applied. : 
3 Electricity. The disorganization produced by electric- 
Ity, however, i é ; 
by heat and light, consisting of phenomena of solution which 
m to the swelling of the protoplasmic layers and strands 
to 
tion 
tially , 
Which 
ion of 
trical a 
thy vacuolization of the plasma. This is made even 
— evident when the pao the plasma is previously 
®cked by withdrawal of oxygen or by chloroform. | : 
4 Reagents. Acids produce, as characteristic disorgani- 
