1896, ] Anatomical and Physiological Researches. 297 
grounds, the less does the plasma collapse. Thus, no col- 
lapse occurs with a high intensity of light or heat, a high con- 
centration of alcohol or acids, while on the contrary it does 
occur with low intensity or concentration. By no means all 
agents tend to diminish turgor; an increase even, of osmotic 
pressure is not excluded. 
2, Alterations of configuration, such as formation of nod- 
ules, aggregation, Separation of protoplasm, are a consequence 
of the sudden intensive action of many agents. They are 
wanting on the gradual application of agents to an amount 
or degree equal to that at which a sudden application pro- 
duces such deformations. Alterations of internal movemen 
foexternal recognizable mass movements go on only when 
agents are introduced suddenly. 
3. Alterations of internal structure of protoplasm are not 
tobe observed in all disorganization. When recognizable 
at all they fall into three categories: (1) Secretions of various 
forms, Principally small grains which give to the plasma, in 
‘omparison with the normal, a much more granular appear- 
ance, They may be united into chains, nets, dendritic and 
other groups. These secretions may even take the form of 
fibers and impart a fibrillar appearance to the plasma. (2) 
Phenomena of solution which manifest themselves in the for- 
Mation of vacuoles. In consequence of this vacuolation the 
plasma may be completely transformed into a foam. The 
Yacuoles may be of considerable size but in part they lie near 
the limit of microscopic observation. This action is typical 
of basic Substances and appears generally in consequence of 
electric shocks, (3) Coagulation of the plasma with gramula- 
ton and formation of vacuoles, few and of small size. This at 
“Ss in many Cases, especially in mechanical destruction 0 
the Protoplasm. 1 
‘G € alterations of the nucleus are in general completely 
f0us to those of the cytoplasm. : : 
he structures of the sitet a observed by different ant 
“*stigators, reticular, fibrillar, alveolar, are not Phe ait: 
juctures of high physiological significance but are only di 
rent States, producible at will in one and the same proto- 
Pasm.—C RB. 
