376 The Botanical Gazette. (June, 
Professor Bessey had abandoned the term “Anthophyta,” as but little 
more appropriate than “Phanerogamia,” and adopted the really sig- 
nificant term “Spermatophyta” (too often written “Spermaphyta”); and 
that his popular name “flowering plants” had been changed to “seed- 
plants.” 
In the presentation of the angiosperms Professor Bessey follows 
neither the grouping and sequence of Bentham and Hooker, nor of 
Engler and Prantl, but has formulated one of his own. That the pres- 
entation of Bentham and Hooker should be abandoned is clear; but 
those of Engler and Prantl, and of this book are based upon opposite 
propositions which the morphology of the future must settle. Bes- 
sey’s proposition that “in the primitive flower all the parts were sep- 
arate” coincides with the Engler position as far as it goes. But Bes- 
sey’s “primitive flower” has some or all the parts in a cyclic arrange- 
ment, and then calls for the reduction process to produce the simpler 
flowers. Engler, on the contrary, sees in these simpler flowers not 
reduced forms but primitive forms ; his primitive flowers having free 
parts, to be sure, but these parts spirally arranged and consequently 
indefinite in number, the cyclic arrangement and hence definite num- 
bers appearing later. Whether the so-called “simpler flowers” are so 
because of reduction or because they are primitive is as yet largely a 
matter of opinion, and Professor Bessey has chosen the former alter- 
native. 
But such a discussion leads us far away from the purpose of the 
book before us, which is certainly an effective recasting of a long-tried 
and very useful text. 
Citrous fruits. 
Messrs. W. T. SwincLe anp H. J. Wesser, of the Division of Veg- 
etable Physiology and Pathology, Department of Agriculture, have 
rot or mal-di-gomma, and melanose. In each case the symptoms, 
cause, and treatment are described, illustrated by eight plates, three 
of them colored. While much of the Bulletin deserves reprinting 
and wide attention, the following outline from the summary may indi- 
cate a few of the results: 
_ 1. Blight: Attacks trees only when over five years old and in beat 
ing, causing sudden wilting of the leaves; in the spring after the toP 
ee 
