4 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [yuLy 
chromosomes in such uncut nuclei can then be counted with absolute 
accuracy, either in the prophase of the heterotypic mitosis before the 
disappearance of the nuclear membrane, or in the telophase after the 
walls of the daughter nuclei are formed. In nearly every individual 
examined, large numbers of such cases, all yielding the same result, 
were counted before the number was finally determined upon. The 
chromosomes could also be counted in certain positions on the 
spindle, particularly in anaphases, but in metaphase they were usually 
too closely grouped to allow of satisfactory counting. 
In the second division, particularly in the forms having seven 
chromosomes as the gametophytic number, the chromosomes could 
be counted with certainty in almost any stage of mitosis. The thinner 
sections were used chiefly in the study of spirem and synapsis stages, 
although here also the comparatively short length of the thickened 
spirem frequently made it advantageous to study uncut nuclei in 
which the spirem could be followed throughout its length. 
Of the various stains Heidenhain’s iron-hematoxylin was found 
to be superior for chromosome counting and for clear differentiation 
of chromatic structures in nearly all stages of synapsis and reduction, 
safranin-gentian being used occasionally for comparison or for 
differentiating particular cytoplasmic structures. Orange G was 
also used with the iron-alum stain for bringing out clearly certain 
special features, particularly the protoplasmic connections between 
mother cells, which will be described later. 
Description 
EARLY STAGES 
Some of the very early stages of the anthers, previous to the forma- 
tion of mother cells, have been studied particularly with the purpose 
of tracing the origin of the bodies which were called heterochromo- 
somes in my first paper. The provisional use of the name was 
based on fhe very close resemblance of these bodies to the chromo- 
somes in appearance, and their frequent presence close by, or in some 
Cases apparently attached to, the heterotypic spindle. They were 
not stated to pass undivided into one of the daughter nuclei, as 
misquoted by TIscHLER (32), but to remain outside in the cytoplasm 
Where they gradually disappear. The study of their early history 
