100 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [aveust 
The estival floral aspect a 
Marked by a conspicuous decrease of the vernal floral display, a — 
decided climatological change, the flowering of certain sod-formers — 
initiated by Panicum Scribnerianum and followed by Koeleria cristala — 
and Stipa spartea, and the rapid addition of several prominent estival — 
flowers, which all results in a complete shift of the floral tone, the 
estival floral aspect begins toward the last of the second week in June 
and extends well up into middle July, when it is terminated by 4 
climatological and floral change even more pronounced. | 
Toward the end of the vernal aspect the leafy stalks of oncoming — 
facies render the floral tone weak and in places drown it in a.seadl 
dark green; however, the estival forms like Erigeron, Delphinium, . 
Brauneria, Ratibida, Kuhnistera, and others seem to push rapidly : 
above these, forming a higher floral stratum than the vernal, but 0 — 
be overtopped later on by the still higher stratum of autumnal forms. — 
With the shifting of climatological conditions, which is VY _ 
generally appreciated, comes the blooming of Rosa arkansana, Enig- 
eron ramosus, Delphinium carolinianum, and Brauneria pallida, 
which with the sod-formers noted above are always indicative of the = 
inception of the estival aspect. The physical factors of the soil have 
become less contrasting on the various slopes and between different — 
positions on the same slope; still the south exposure seems slightly s 
earlier. The middle and base of slopes closely approach in absolute 
water content and are less separated from the crests in this respect 
than in earlier aspects. Correspondingly there appears 4 more 
uniform plant-covering at this time. It is to be noted that the holard 
is markedly much lower than in the vernal aspect. _ as 
During this time Solidago, Helianthus, and Aster have become 
vegetatively of primary importance and give the general tone of ars . 
green to the aspect. Extending over from the vernal aspect a 
largely occurring on the upper slopes are Polygala alba, which 0° 3 
account of its indeterminate inflorescence blossoms throu - : 
the entire estival aspect, Meriolix, and Gaura coccinea. Hedeom ee 
and Ovxalis stricta continue blooming on the middle slopes: a 
dominating species added in this aspect are Koeleria cristata, ©” a 
bida columnaris, Symphoricarpus occidentalis, and Verbena Siritl — 
The floral forms added in this aspect are twenty-one in number, 
