1908] KILDAHL—PHYLLOCLADUS ALPINUS 343 
The second integument, called an arillus, arises quite late outside 
of the heavy integument; on November 1 it appears merely as a small 
papilla in longitudinal section (fig. 15). It grows very rapidly, 
inclosing the ovule like a cup; the ovule, however, grows up through 
it, and by December 11 it is merely a light, leathery sheath around 
the base of the ovule, reaching about half-way to its tip (fig. 14). 
Female gametophyte 
It was impossible from the material in hand to ascertain the 
development of the female gametophyte, as the formation of walls 
was in most cases well advanced on November 1. In a few instances 
it was still in the free nuclear stage (fig. 18); and one preparation 
showed archegonia already formed. The endosperm is of the “rumi- 
nating” type, this feature being especially pronounced in the early 
Stages, 
The development of archegonia could not be observed, as no stage 
before fertilization was available. It is impossible, therefore, to state 
definitely whether neck cells are formed or not. Some indefinite 
Temains of cells, in a few sections, indicate that they exist; and com- 
paring Phyllocladus with the Taxineae, and taking into consideration 
that neck cells are often destroyed very early by the pushing-in of the 
pollen tube or the growth of the central cell, the probability is that a 
two-celled neck exists in the early stages of the archegonium (fig. 320), 
although nothing was found upon which a definite statement can be 
In Torreya taxifolia Courter and LaNp (9) found two neck 
Cells; ARNOLDI (1) also found two in Cephalotaxus Fortunei; JAGER 
(13) Teports two in Taxus baccata. From such a condition as that 
shown in figs. 19, 31, 32, it may be inferred that the presence or absence 
of neck cells would make very little difference. The whole structure 
of nucellus and gametophyte is of a very mucilaginous composition, 
and this, together with the prodigality of pollen tubes and male cells, 
Presents a very loose and disintegrated condition. The archegonium 
', very case, whether located near the surface of the gametophyte or 
“per in the tissue, presents an opening as large as the width of the 
Sac. The pollen tube penetrates the tissue, digesting it very readily, 
and seems to break through the layer of jacket cells surrounding the 
*mbryo sac as though no obstacle were in its way. No instance was 
