344 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [NOVEMBER 
found, at the stage of fertilization, where the archegonium had not been 
smashed into, either from the top or from the side, by the pollen tube. 
The embryo sac is surrounded by a layer of jacket cells with very 
large nuclei, and many of the cells are multinucleate. JAGER (13) 
also pictures a very heavy jacket layer of uninucleate cells in Taxus 
baccata; none are reported in Torreya or Cephalotaxus, although 
the drawings of the latter by ARNOLDI (1) suggest a jacket layer. T he 
archegonia are one to four in number. 
No ventral cell or nucleus could be demonstrated, although the 
probability is that a ventral nucleus is formed; the chromatin in the 
egg nucleus (jig. 32b) before fertilization indicates that it is getting 
ready to divide. ARNOLDI (1) says that in Cephalotaxus Fortunei the 
egg nucleus, shortly before fertilization, cuts off a ventral canal 
nucleus, which together with a mass of the upper part of the egs 
destroys the neck cells and passes out of the embryo sac. JAGER (13) 
does not mention nor picture a ventral nucleus in Taxus; Couns 
and LAND (9) did not find a ventral cell or nucleus in Torreya taxt 
jolia; Miss RoBERtTSON (I) interpreted a spindle in the central cell of 
Torreya californica as the forming of a ventral nucleus. 
Fertilization 
At the time of fertilization the egg becomes rich in food vacuoles 
in the basal end (figs. 25, 26, 28). The egg nucleus may be situated 
near the upper end of the ege (figs. 22, 23), or near the basal pe 
(fg. 28). The fusion nucleus (figs. 22, 24) is partially surroundes 
by the finely granular cytoplasmic sheath of the male nucleus. This 
cytoplasmic sheath has been observed in Taxodium by COKER @) 
in Torreya taxifolia by CouLTer and Lanp (9), and in T. calijormics 
by Miss Ropertson (19). The non-functional male cell (fgs- 22» 23) 
Which has begun to disorganize, shows the cytoplasmic sheath very 
distinctly, 
Embryo 
The first division of the oospore could not be obtained. Free 
nuclear division was observed to the eight-nucleate stage- AS — 
was the oldest stage available, it is impossible to say whether ™ pI 
free nuclei are formed or not before the formation of walls. sane 
(I) figures ten free nuclei in one section of Cephalotaxus a 
