464 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [DECEMBER 
AFFINITIES OF PHYLLOCLADUS 
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE HULL BOTANICAL LABORATORY 121 
In connection with the work on Phyllocladus alpinus published in this 
journal (Bot. GAzETTE 46:339-348. pls. 20-22. 1908), it was the inten- 
tion not to venture upon a discussion of the relationships until a more 
complete knowledge of the life-history had been obtained from further 
material. On account of the probable delay connected with securing and 
investigating the new material, it seems better to present at this time 
such conclusions as the results already obtained seem to justify. 
In 1872 Phyllocladus was placed among the Podocarpineae by STRAS- 
BURGER," the relationship being based upon external resemblances. In 
ENGLER and Prantt’s Pflanzenfamilien it is put among the Taxineae. 
In 1903 Prtcer? placed it in a separate group (Phyllocladoideae) inter- 
mediate between Taxineae and Podocarpineae; this disposition of the 
genus being based upon features in which Phyllocladus differs from the 
Taxineae, namely the two-sporangiate microsporophyll, the uniovulate 
scale, the arillus, and the anatomy of the vegetative structures. Miss 
RosBErtsons follows PILGER in assigning to Phyllocladus this intermediate 
position, with a greater affinity for the Podocarpineae. 
In comparing Phyllocladus with the Podocarpineae and with the 
Taxineae, its relationship to the former tribe becomes very evident. The 
principal features of resemblance to Podocarpineae, in contrast with the 
corresponding features of Taxineae, may be enumerated as follows: 
1. The microsporophyll of Phyllocladus bears two abaxial sporangia ; 
the microsporophylls of the Taxineae are all of the peltate type, bearing | 
three to eight sporangia. 
2. Each scale of Phyllocladus bears one centrally placed ovule; among 
the ees each scale bears two lateral ovules. 
.. The microspores of Phyllocladus have wings, and four or five nuclei 
at ie time of shedding; those of the Taxineae have no wings, and only 
one or two nuclei at the time of shedding. 
4. Male prothallial cells are formed in Phyllocladus and in all the 
Podocarpineae; none occur in the Taxineae. 
5. The evanescent prothallial tissue of Phyllocladus is similar to that 
found in the Podocarpineae. 
6. The megaspore membrane is well developed; this membrane is 
* STRASBURGER, E., Die Coniferen und die Gnetaceen. oo 
2 Pircer, R. Tees Pflanzenreich, nos. 4, 5. I 
3 Romrersox, AGNES, Some points in the as a Phyllocladus ae 
Annals of Botany 20:259-265. pls. 17, 18. 1906. 
