1898] PYROLA APHVLLA: A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY 247 
The figure in Hooker’s work shows distinctly that his specimen 
was but fragmentary. Nuttall, shortly after Hooker, corrected 
this mistake by stating ‘“‘occasionally it produces, near the root 
and on infertile shoots, a few small, ovate, or lanceolate greenish 
aves.” It is very surprising that Gray in later years should 
sillhave described it as “leafless, doubtless parasitic,’ and as 
“a peculiarly interesting plant on account of its living the para- 
‘itic life of the Monotropez.’’ To Nuttall, therefore, belongs 
the credit of having discovered the leaves of this singular plant 
which Smith at first described as destitute of leaves, and accore 
ingly named it ‘leafless wintergreen.’’ These contradictory 
‘atements, however, have led the writer to investigate the mat 
ter fully, after having secured some excellent living specimens. 
from Amador county, California, which were kindly collected by 
Mr. Geo. Hansen. Besides confirming Nuttall’s observations of 
the presence of proper leaves, I have detected a few peculiarities 
hich will be presented in this paper. 
os accompanying jig. I represents a mature and very care- 
Y collected specimen of our plant, and we notice here several 
‘nderground shoots, of which one bears a rosette of leaves at its 
sea in the same manner as in other species of Pyrola. In 
“ring the leaves by themselves, they are, as described by 
Nuttall, rather small, but provided with a distinct petiole and a 
“ Varying from lanceolate to broadly ovate, obtuse, or 
tly pointed (figs. 2,3). These leaves were green, and the 
phyll became still more conspicuous by immersing the 
i in Strong alcohol, which readily assumed a deep green 
a afterwards turned dark brown from the large con- 
the i. in the cell sap. As regards the minute structure 
Decieg did not observe any peculiarity by which see 
there is F separated from the other species of Pyrola, an 
the suppositi utely no character whatever that might warran 
life, oe ~ that — plant lives a saprophytic or a are 
an wrinkle ermis is perfectly normal and covered by a oi 
veiens Sa common to evergreen leaves ; stomata 
oth faces of the blade, but are most numer~ 
