250 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [APRIL 
Besides the fact that we have not been able to detect any 
haustoria upon the roots, the interior structure is sufficient to show 
the nature of our plant, whether it is an autophyte, a parasite, ora 
saprophyte. The presence of green leaves, however, is sufficient 
to determine the question whether the plant is a saprophyte, 
and a general consideration of the anatomy of the roots will 
suffice to convince any observer that Pyrola aphylla is no para- 
site either. Root-hairs are developed from the epidermis, inside 
of which there is a hypoderm of rather large cells, which sur 
rounds a bark-parenchyma of normal structure and packed with 
starch, but without any trace of fungal mycelia. The endoder- 
mis is perfectly normal and surrounds, together with the peri- 
cambium, the five groups of leptome, alternating with a corfe- 
sponding number of hadrome groups, while the innermost pat 
of the central cylinder is occupied by a few strata of conjunctive 
tissue. 
Pyrola aphylla shows, therefore, a striking ability to aise 
gate by means of axillary buds developed upon the undergro 
stems, and likewise by adventitious buds which push out Vey 
freely from the roots. Propagation by seeds is not pee 
and each capsule contains a large number of very ae 
mature seeds. - By bringing these. facts together yas 
anatomical structure of the vegetative organs, it may be i 
that our plant shows no sign of living a parasitic life < ght 
saprophytic one, but that it is a true autophyte. This per 
the more evident when we compare our species with se wre : 
relatives, of the genus Pyrola itself, of Moneses and Com ‘at : 
From the writings of Irmisch we have learned pie p 
reproduction by root-shoots takes place in Pyrola seus” 
‘cal chat 
@plula umbellata, and C. maculata. The morphologi 
acters of the vegetative organs of the species of Pyt0l® b 
er leaves, W" 
especially upon the development of the prop 
they precede or are contemporary with the 
ing to Irmisch, some of the leaves develop in the 54 
