320 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [way 
attitude, and behavior may all come to have some definite 
relation to the melange of forces and substances that surround 
them. Compare, by way of illustration, the almost globular 
form of the spermary in Anthoceros or Dendroceros, growing 
under a pressure exerted by the cellular roof of the schizo- 
genetic cavity in which the organ develops, with the elongated 
cylindrical spermary of Polytrichum situated upon its short 
pedicel in the axil of a bract of its “inflorescence.” The 
shape of the one differs from that of the other not on account of 
different reproductive specialization but purely because molded 
by lateral pressures while the other is subjected to vertical. 
Again a similar reaction to outward conditions is to be observed 
in the convexity anteriorly of the so-called ‘‘neck” of the Poly- 
podium archegone. Evidently enough this curved cylinder, 
differing morphologically as well as ecologically from the 
straight true neck of a moss archegone, is a response in form to 
its acquired ventral position upon the prothallium and to oe 
forward growth of the prostrate sexual plant. The convexity 
may be regarded as a purely adaptational phenomenon a 
mined by a group of conditions among which are the grow! 
habits of the prothallium, the ventral position of the eine 
the extension of the “neck,” and the resistance and friction 9 
the substratum. inti- 
The primitive position of the sexual organs seems gape 
mately reproductive in its significance, than adaptation - + eg: 
is, the position upon the plant-body of the pauseraE! sions 
maturing or sperm-maturing cell is determined YT aul 
organs are evolved do the purely adaptive 
important. The well-known and closely relat 
gonium and Bulbochete, from their simplicity poh the egs 
In Gédogonium, which consists of unbranched geese 
cells are intercalated between vegetative cells. is “i eciali2a- 
however, where branching is common, distal -p Aire fone 
tion makesitself felt,andthe oogonia and antheridia st sut- 
terminally upon the branches, bringing them te the 8' 
