344 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [May 
In the Centrosperme heterochlamydy occurs. frequently, 
though it does not yet dominate. The Chenopodiacee and 
Amaranthacez form one branch of the series, while the Nycta- 
ginaceze, Cynocrambacez, Batidacez, and Aizoacez. together 
with the Phytolaccace, in certain respects the center of deyel- 
opment, form another branch. Of these the Nyctaginacee haye 
reached a higher stage than the Chenopodiacee and Amaran- 
thacee in that the simple corolla is made of petaloid coales- 
cent segments. The Cynocrambacee and Batidacee form 
isolated types which, in common with Phytolaccacea, still 
retain one-ovuled carpels. The Phytolaccacee, having free or 
slightly united carpels, would occupy a low position, save for 
the appearance of heterochlamydy and cyclic flowers. Still a 
third subseries is formed by the Basellacez and Portulaccace®; @ 
fourth by the Caryophyllacez. 
Of the numerous heterochlamydeous series the first 1s 
Ranales, characterized by predominating apocarpy and hypogy"): 
It has preserved a strong tendency to the spiral arrangement 
of floral parts, but heterochlamydy is much more frequen’ 
than in the Centrosperme, and zy gomorphism occasionally 
occurs. At least four subseries are to be distinguished. the 
Nymphzacee and Ceratophyllacee form the first; the rather 
isolated Trochodendracee the second; the Ranunculace®, 
Lardizabalacee, Berberidacee, and Menispermacc®, the third. 
This third subseries has a probable common origin very eat 
the Nympheacee. The fourth comprises the 
Lactoridacee, Anonacee, Myristicacee, Gomortegace®, he 
imiacee, Lauracee, and Hernandiacez, all characterized by 
presence of oil cells. I have named these subseries al 
tively the Nymphacinee, Trochodendrinez, aaasaee 3 
Magnoliinez. In the three larger, which are further a a to 
than Trochodendrinezx, there occurs the change from 5p 
cyclical flowers. oe 
Since in the Ranales the spiral arrangement, pe scet : 
bers of parts in androeceum and gyneceum, and apocatp 
ies 
tae other set 
appear as dominating characters, it is clear that the 
