86 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [FEBRUARY 
STRICT PARASITES STRICT SAPROPHYTES 
Uromyces caryophyllinus Mucor stolonifer 
FACULTATIVE SAPROPHYTES Mucor mucedo 
Sphaeropsis malorum Phycomyces nitens 
Cercospora apii Penicillium glaucum 
Monilia fructigena Monilia sitophila 
FACULTATIVE PARASITES Sterigmatocystis nigra 
Botrytis vulgaris Coprinus micaceus 
Daedalia quercina c Agaricus fabaceus 
With exceptions as noted below, spores of the various fungi from 
pure cultures one to two weeks old were used in making inoculations. 
S phaeropsis malorum was not ready in pure culture as soon as needed, 
and inoculations for the first experiments with this form were made 
directly from infected apple twigs; the spores were found to germi- 
nate quickly and the hyphae grew rapidly, so that the observed 
bacterial and mold contamination in these cultures was slight. 
Cercospora apii, obtained from celery leaves, was grown in artificial 
culture on pieces of sugar beet; spores were not produced, but 
satisfactory inoculations were made with small portions of detached 
mycelium. Inoculations in the case of the three Hymenomycetes 
were made with portions of mycelium from pure cultures, which 
had been made from sporophores by the “tissue-culture” method 
(DuccaR, 9). Spores of Uromyces caryophyillinus, taken directly 
from carnation leaves, were used to some extent. The germination 
of these was not certain under all conditions, and the growth was 
limited; the use of the fungus was soon abandoned. All other 
spores gave perfectly satisfactory germination in gelatin and agar- 
agar media. Even such species as Penicillium glaucum and Ster- 
igmatocystis nigra, which have been found (DuceGar, 8) not to ger- 
minate in distilled water, gave a germination of practically 100 per 
cent. in gelatin and agar made up with distilled water. 
Precautions were taken to have all apparatus chemically clean and 
thoroughly sterile. Glassware and mica plates were boiled in alkali 
and in acid, and again, after a thorough rinsing, in distilled water- 
Covers were rinsed in 95 per cent. alcohol, then wiped with a sterile 
cloth. Heavier glassware and mica plates were sterilized with dry 
heat at a temperature of 140° to 150° C. Celloidin films were steril- 
ized by being boiled in redistilled water; strips of epidermis, by being 
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