1906] OLIVE—NUCLEAR AND CELL DIVISION OF EMPUSA 231 
Euglena, and also resembles very closely that in Empusa. ‘The 
second kind of nuclear division is regarded by SCHAUDINN as still sim- 
pler, since centrosomes appear to be wanting entirely. The close 
resemblance of the latter type to certain division-figures in Empusa 
suggests, however, that the differences noted by SCHAUDINN may have 
been more apparent than real, and that poor fixation, due perhaps to 
the thickness of the membrane about the fertilized egg, may have been 
the cause for his failure to find the intranuclear centers in these cases 
also. 
According to SCHAUDINN (p. 229), in the first mentioned division 
the chromatin granules gather in the center of the primary nucleus 
about a diffuse, slightly refractive substance, which stains less with 
haematoxylin than the chromatin. There results finally a globular 
central body, which he calls a karyosome, made up of two substances, 
plastin and chromatin. Upon the appearance of vacuoles within it, 
the karyosome grows larger, and it ultimately elongates to form a 
dumb-bell shaped central core to the dividing nucleus. At this stage 
the chromatin strands appear to radiate from the poles of the central 
body, differing in this respect from the corresponding nuclear figure 
of Euglena. The continued elongation of the central core is accom- 
panied by the further massing of chromatin about the two daugh- 
ter-halves of the central body, and the nucleus finally assumes a shape 
comparable to an hour-glass. In the slender connecting strand which 
unites the diverging nuclear halves there appears a peculiar Zwischen- 
kér per which ScHAUDINN regards as probably a thickening of the 
fibrous strand which connects the halves of the karyosome. After 
the final constriction into two, the daughter nuclei, without entering 
upon a period of rest, begin immediately a second division. 
While those members of the Entomophthoreae which live parasitic- 
ally in the bodies of insects have attracted attention for more than a 
century, only a few investigators have published observations on the 
coenocytic character of the mycelium of these fungi. Maupas 
('79, p. 252) records having seen many nuclei in the hyphae of 
Empusa muscae; while VurtLEMIN (’86) published drawings show- 
ing a similar condition in Entomophthora gloeospora Vuil. Fatr- 
CHILD (’97) also mentions having noted the multinucleate mycelium 
in certain species of Empusa. BREFELD, who has studied the group 
